]> Used to describe the relation between two substances if one of the substances is the active component of the other one. A relation describing a logical or causal connection. Used as a relation between an artery and its parent artery. --> defines TODO: Definition --> encodes The coding sequences of a gene are transcribed into mRNA and translated into proteins, with each nucleotide triplet or codon encoding a specific amino acid. --> evaluates A relation describing the qualities and states that are assessed by a certain health care activity. Used to describe the connection between biological processes or states and structural genes. Mutations in a certain gene can be the cause for the development of a certain disease or are often found in a certain disease. --> active_ingredient_of Certainty of a state for being a risk factor for intracranial aneurysm state or rupture. TODO: Definition --> realization_of relates a Primary Key to a corresponding ontology type --> induces The relation of one state / process / quality supporting the development of another one. --> inhibits A relation describing the binding of molecules to enzymes, thereby decreasing or blocking their activity TODO: Definition relates a Foreign Key to a corresponding ontology type stands for, corresponds to (a description represents the process, state, event or condition it describes) Any state or disease that might induce an intracranial aneurysm state or rupture, thereby playing the role of a risk factor. 'Constituent' should depend on some layering of the ontology. For example, scientific granularities or ontological 'strata' are typical layerings. A constituent is a part belonging to a lower layer. Since layering is actually a partition of the ontology, constituents are not properly classified as parts, although this kinship can be intuitive for common sense. Example of specific constant constituents are the entities constituting a setting (a situation), while the entities constituting a collection are examples of generic constant constituents. C0205415/- C0522503 C0205309/C0439673 known/unknown indicator - "Unknown, not observed, not recorded, or refused." (NCI Thesaurus) C0175566/C0028778 patent/occluded indicator - "Affording unobstructed entrance and exit; affording free passage or access; accessible to all." (NCI Thesaurus) / "Blockage of a passageway." (NCI Thesaurus) C1549445/C1549444 yes/no indicator C0205379/C0205398 visible/invisible indicator - "Perceptible especially by the eye; open to easy view." (NCI Thesaurus) P01009@SWISSPROT Alpha-1-antitrypsin [Precursor] P08697@SWISSPROT Alpha-2-antiplasmin [Precursor] P01023@SWISSPROT Alpha-2-macroglobulin [Precursor] 2@ENTREZGENE alpha-2-macroglobulin P05067@SWISSPROT Amyloid beta A4 protein [Precursor] 5243@ENTREZGENE ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1 5244@ENTREZGENE ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 4 1244@ENTREZGENE ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 2 10057@ENTREZGENE ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 5 368@ENTREZGENE ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 6 28@ENTREZGENE ABO blood group (transferase A, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; transferase B, alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase) 59272@ENTREZGENE angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2 Q9BYF1@SWISSPROT Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [Precursor] P22966@SWISSPROT Angiotensin-converting enzyme, testis-specific isoform [Precursor] 1636@ENTREZGENE angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1 P12821@SWISSPROT Angiotensin-converting enzyme, somatic isoform [Precursor] P13798@SWISSPROT Acylamino-acid-releasing enzyme 70@ENTREZGENE actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 P68032@SWISSPROT Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 P37023@SWISSPROT Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R3 [Precursor] 94@ENTREZGENE activin A receptor type II-like 1 P35318@SWISSPROT ADM [Precursor] 133@ENTREZGENE adrenomedullin 176@ENTREZGENE aggrecan 181@ENTREZGENE agouti related protein homolog (mouse) O00253@SWISSPROT Agouti-related protein [Precursor] 183@ENTREZGENE angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Q9NZD4@SWISSPROT Alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein 57379@ENTREZGENE activation-induced cytidine deaminase Q9GZX7@SWISSPROT Activation-induced cytidine deaminase Q04828@SWISSPROT Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 O43572@SWISSPROT A kinase anchor protein 10, mitochondrial [Precursor] 11216@ENTREZGENE A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 10 1645@ENTREZGENE aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1 (dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 1; 20-alpha (3-alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) P02768@SWISSPROT Serum albumin [Precursor] 213@ENTREZGENE albumin 240@ENTREZGENE arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase 265@ENTREZGENE amelogenin (amelogenesis imperfecta 1, X-linked) Q99217@SWISSPROT Amelogenin, X isoform [Precursor] P16860@SWISSPROT Natriuretic peptides B [Precursor] P23582@SWISSPROT C-type natriuretic peptide [Precursor] P01160@SWISSPROT Atrial natriuretic factor [Precursor] Q86XS5@SWISSPROT Angiopoietin-related protein 5 [Precursor] 253935@ENTREZGENE angiopoietin-like 5 P01019@SWISSPROT Angiotensinogen [Precursor] 116833@ENTREZGENE aneurysm, intracranial berry 1 449013@ENTREZGENE aneurysm, intracranial berry 2 497657@ENTREZGENE aneurysm, intracranial berry 3 724058@ENTREZGENE aneurysm, intracranial berry 4 P16066@SWISSPROT Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A [Precursor] P01008@SWISSPROT Antithrombin-III [Precursor] P27216@SWISSPROT Annexin A13 312@ENTREZGENE annexin A13 320@ENTREZGENE amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family A, member 1 (X11) Q02410@SWISSPROT Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 1 327@ENTREZGENE N-acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase P08519@SWISSPROT Apolipoprotein(a) [Precursor] 338@ENTREZGENE apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen) P04114@SWISSPROT Apolipoprotein B-100 [Precursor] 348@ENTREZGENE apolipoprotein E P02649@SWISSPROT Apolipoprotein E [Precursor] 351@ENTREZGENE amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) 410@ENTREZGENE arylsulfatase A P15289@SWISSPROT Arylsulfatase A [Precursor] 551@ENTREZGENE arginine vasopressin (neurophysin II, antidiuretic hormone, diabetes insipidus, neurohypophyseal) C0162871 "Condition of bearing an Abdominal Aneurysm" (SH) [Risk: 1.Kim et al 2005/CRIM; 2.Cannon et al 2003/CRIM; 3.Salkowski et al 2001/CRIM; 4.Norrgard et al 1987/CRIM; 5.Norrgard et al 1984/CRIM] C0000741 "The 6th cranial nerve. The abducens nerve originates in the abducens nucleus of the pons and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the eye. Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye movement control" (MeSH) C0301649 C0337948 "A dark-skinned member of a race of people living in Australia when Europeans arrived" (WordNet 3.0) C0000905 "The 11th cranial nerve. The accessory nerve originates from neurons in the medulla and in the cervical spinal cord. It has a cranial root, which joins the vagus (10th cranial) nerve and sends motor fibers to the muscles of the larynx, and a spinal root, which sends motor fibers to the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. Damage to the nerve produces weakness in head rotation and shoulder elevation" (MeSH) Aceh: "A special territory of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra" (Wikipedia) C0934892 "Anatomical structure which consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell. Examples: basement membrane, osteoid, prostatic concretion" (Digital Anatomist) C0030605 "The time required for the appearance of FIBRIN strands following the mixing of PLASMA with phospholipid platelet substitute (e.g., crude cephalins, soybean phosphatides). It is a test of the intrinsic pathway (factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII) and the common pathway (fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors V and X) of BLOOD COAGULATION. It is used as a screening test and to monitor HEPARIN therapy" (MeSH) C0441655 "An action taken in pursuit of an objective; the state of being active" (NCI Thesaurus) C0205178 "Having a severe and rapid onset of symptoms with short duration" (NCI Thesaurus) "Acute hydrocephalus occurs over days" (www.emedicine.com) "Acute ischemic stroke refers to strokes caused by thrombosis or embolism and accounts for 85% of all strokes" (www.emedicine.com) C0751956 C1442065 "The street name and building number where a person or organization can be found" (NCI Thesaurus) C1149545 GO:0050839 Cell Adhesion Molecule Binding "Interacting selectively with a cell adhesion molecule" [source: GOC:ai] C0234357 "Inability to make movements exhibiting a rapid change of motion (as in quickly rotating the wrist one way and then the other) due to cerebellar dysfunction" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) "In this context, adjustment means to add a factor to the risk model that qualifies circumstances, e.g. to add the condition >smoking< to the prediction that being female increases the risk for aneurysm rupture" C0085751 "One who administers especially business, school, or governmental affairs" (Merriam-Webster online) C0001645 "Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety" (MeSH) C0001732 C0001737 C0001779 "How long something has existed; elapsed time since birth" (NCI Thesaurus) C0027362 "Subgroups of populations based on age" (NCI Thesaurus) C0013926 "Embolism due to air bubbles entering the blood vessels after trauma, surgical procedures, or changes in atmospheric pressure" (CRISP Thesaurus) Venous air embolism is a potentially serious complication of neurosurgery that occurs more commonly when the patient is in the sitting position. C1704740 C0001909 "A native or inhabitant of Albania" (Merriam-Webster online) C0001948 "Consumption of liquids containing ethanol; includes the behavior of drinking the alcohol" (CRISP Thesaurus) Questionnaire: Alcohol > 150g/week [Risk: Feigin et al 2005/CRIM] TODO: Life Style Factors as consumption of Coffee, Alcohol, Tobacco etc are seen as a biological process in the sense that the body is exposed to something which influences/alters the functioning of physiological parameters. Identify these factors using properties! - Reclassification? TODO: "Induces High Blood Pressure" or: "triggers Hypertensive_Disease_Disposittion"? C0002037 C0221757 = AAT deficiency "Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN, leading primarily to degradation of elastin of the alveolar walls, as well as other structural proteins of a variety of tissues" (MeSH) [Risk: Schievink et al 1998/CRIM] C0149793 "Transient complete or partial monocular blindness due to retinal ischemia. This may be caused by emboli from the CAROTID ARTERY (usually in association with CAROTID STENOSIS) and other locations that enter the central RETINAL ARTERY" (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p245) (MeSH) C0002416 "Equally skillful with each hand" (Wordnet 3.0) C0002454 C0242536 C0002622 "Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS" (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7) (MeSH) C0288672 Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor "A powerful anticlotting drug that inhibits platelet aggregation by binding to a glycoprotein receptor on human platelets and that consists of the Fab fragment from a chimeric monoclonal antibody prepared from humans and mice" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0000970 "Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage" (MeSH) C0000981 "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is sometimes effective against seizures" (CRISP Thesaurus) "Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that acts as cerebral vasodilator. Ischemic tissue will demonstrate decreased uptake of cerebral perfusion radiopharmaceutical because of decreased vascular reserve relative the normal spared brain parenchyma. Acetazolamide peaks in the blood stream at 20 minutes" (http://www.med.harvard.edu 2004) "An acetyl derivative of salicylic acid; used in the relief of muscle and joint aches, headache, to reduce fever, inflammation and swelling" C0002191 "Inflammation-inducible serine protease inhibitor synthesized primarily in liver, then secreted into blood where it accounts for the bulk of blood protease inhibitor activity; is an important regulator of neutrophil elastase" (CRISP Thesaurus). C0002658 "Powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase; it is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0006644 Amount of caffeine "A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle, stimulates diuresis, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, antagonism of adenosine receptors, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling" (MeSH) C0006949 "Anticonvulsant and antineuralgic used in the treatment of pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia and in epilepsy manifested by tonic-clonic and partial seizures" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0008377 "The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils" (MeSH) C1721268 selective Endothelin A (ETA)- receptor antagonist <=> prevention and treatment of vasospasm in SAH? C0070166 "A potent oral antiplatelet agent often used in the treatment of coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease" C0009170 "An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake" (MeSH) C0001617 "Any of the 21-carbon steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex (excluding the sex hormones of adrenal origin) in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) released by the pituitary gland or to angiotensin II; called also adrenocorticoid, corticoid, adrenal cortical or adrenocortical steroid, and adrenocortical or cortical hormone" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0010207 "Synthetic or naturally occurring substances related to coumarin, the delta-lactone of coumarinic acid. The various coumarins have a wide range of proposed actions and uses including as ANTICOAGULANTS, pharmaceutical aids, indicators and reagents, photoreactive substances, and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS" (MeSH) C0010294 "Nitrogen compound in muscle, blood and urine that is the end product of creatine metabolism" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0010347 Mast cell stabilizer "A drug C23H14Na2O11 that inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells and is used usually as an inhalant to prevent the onset of bronchial asthma attacks" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0011777 "Anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0001962 "A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES" (MeSH) C0017725 Amount of glucose "Aldohexose occurring as the D form and found as a free monosaccharide in fruits and other parts of plants and in the normal blood of all animals; the end product of carbohydrate metabolism and the chief source of energy for most living organisms" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0019134 "A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. .... Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts" (MeSH) "Poly(glucosamine sulfate-glucuronic acid); endogenous mucopolysaccharide with antithrombin and lipotropic activities; USP injection is used as an anticoagulant" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0021641 "A protein hormone secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, generally promoting the cellular utilization of glucose. It is also an important regulator of protein and lipid metabolism. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (MeSH) C0024730 "A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity" (MeSH) C0028094 "A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure" (MeSH) C0017887 "Volatile vasodilator which relieves angina pectoris by stimulating guanylate cyclase and lowering cytosolic calcium; an explosive compound rendered safe when compounded in tablets with mannitol" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0242402 "A class of synthetic chemicals/drugs similar to opiates (opium derivatives) with analgesic properties. Due to binding to opiate receptors, opioids mimic opiate activity on neurons, various cells (i.e. lymphocytes), pain suppression and other neurobehavioral activity" (NCI Thesaurus) C0030350 "Opium alkaloid used as a smooth muscle relaxant and weak analgesic" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0031507 "An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs" (MeSH) C0032821 "Metallic element of the alkali group, many of whose salts are used in medicine; atomic number 19, symbol K" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0033684 "The total nitrogenous material in plant or animal substances" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0037473 "Alkaline metallic element, symbol Na, atomic number 11" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0040165 "Tetraiodothyronine (T4); major hormone elaborated by the thyroid gland follicular cells; increases the rate of cell metabolism, essential for central nervous system maturation, and regulates a number of other functions" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0040329 "Toxic solanaceous American plant Nicotiana tabacum; contains nicotine and other biologically active chemicals; dried leaves are used for smoking, inhalation, or chewing" (CRISP Thesaurus). C0080356 "Fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0042878 "A substance that promotes the clotting of blood" (NCI Thesaurus). "group of lipoid thrombogenic agents based on the bicyclic naphthoquinone ring system; act by inducing prothrombin transcription in liver" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0236807 C0002771 "Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anesthesia" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0561862 "Analysis of the immediate nervous system electrical response to sensory input; may result from natural, electrical, or chemical stimulation of sensory or motor neurons; used to study neurophysiological phenomena or in clinical diagnosis" (CRISP Thesaurus, adapted) C0002778 "The identification or separation of ingredients of a substance" (Merriam-Webster online) C0002792 "A manifestation of immediate hypersensitivity in which exposure of a sensitized individual to a specific antigen or hapten results in urticaria, pruritis and angioedema, followed by vascular collapse and shock often accompanied by life threatening respiratory distress" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0500470 "The connection of normally separate parts or spaces so they intercommunicate. Here: An anastomosis naturally occurring or created during the process of embryonic development" (SH) C0302142 "An abnormal structure, or one that is abnormal in size or location. Use this type if the abnormality in question can be either an acquired or congenital abnormality. Neoplasms are not included here. These are given the type 'Neoplastic Process'" (UMLS Semantic Network) TODO: Classification of neoplasms as in Semantic Network? C0922959 "Anatomical structure, which consists of a heterogeneous set of organs, organ parts, cells or body part subdivisions; members of the set are adjacent to, or continuous with one another; does not constitute an organ, organ system or organ system subdivision, or body part or body part subdivision. Examples: joint, adnexa of uterus, root of lung, renal pedicle, back" (Digital Anatomist) C0501400 "Anatomical structure in which two or more anatomical structures establish physical continuity with one another or intermingle their component parts. Examples: gastroesophageal junction, line alba, knee joint" (Digital Anatomist) C0923870 "Spatial association relationship which describes the containment, adjacency and anatomical coordinates of physical anatomical entities. Examples: anatomical containment, anatomical adjacency, anatomical coordinate" (Digital Anatomist) To DO: Classification? FMA classifies "Anatomical Location" as a "Spatial association relationship" whose parent is "non physical anatomical entity" C0923870 "Spatial association relationship which describes the containment, adjacency and anatomical coordinates of physical anatomical entities. Examples: anatomical containment, anatomical adjacency, anatomical coordinate" (Digital Anatomist) C0929962 "Non-material physical anatomical entity of three dimensions, which is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more body substances or anatomical structures. Examples: celom, thoracic cavity, lesser sac of peritoneum, cavity of right atrium, lumen of aorta, mediastinum, anterior compartment of forearm, intervertebral foramen" (Digital Anatomist) "Anatomical surface which marks a physical discontinuity between two or more anatomical structures or is an interface between an anatomical space and one more anatomical structures" (FMA for bona fide anatomical surface) C0002838 C0002932 "Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain; may act to induce general anesthesia, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0002903 "Treatment with pharmacological substances in order to produce a loss of feeling" (NCI Thesaurus) C0002940 1 "A sac formed by the dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart" (MeSH) C0179977 "An aneurysm clip is a device used to occlude an intracranial aneurysm (a balloonlike sac formed on a blood vessel) to prevent it from bleeding or bursting" (Standard Product Nomenclature) TODO: representation of Aneurysm Clip Type (straight,curved, angulated etc.; mini, standard) --> listed as synonymes in DB "Medical procedures appropriate to diagnose intracranial aneurysm" TODO: Definition "Aneurysm formation involves a complex process of destruction of the arterial media and supporting lamina through degradation of elastin and collagen" TODO: Relation to Aneurysm_State? TODO: Definition As the aneurysm neck surface is defined as a non-physical endurant, its qualities have to be defined as abstract qualities. "Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures because of an aneurysm" C0162869 "The tearing or herniation of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac" (MeSH) TODO: Definition C0002940 1 "Condition of bearing an aneurysm" (SH) TODO: : Range of possible Value of Aneurysm number (>0). Representation of quality shape (Berry/Fusiform); Ruptured/Unruptured; Calcified; Thrombosed. Definition of different shapes / locations etc. As the aneurysm surface is defined as a non-physical endurant, its qualities have to be defined as abstract qualities. "Medical procedures appropriate to treat intracranial aneurysm" Morphological characterization of aneurysm (D12v2, Output) C0007766 C0751530 C0002978 "Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium" (MeSH) C0162577 "Diverse group of surgical procedures to remove or flatten constrictive deposits on the inner walls of blood vessels, thereby improving blood flow" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0003015 "Class of antihypertensive agents which act by inhibiting the proteolytic activation of angiotensin" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0870136 "Generally applied to English-speaking White populations of non-Hispanic descent" (Psychological Index Terms) C0003023 C0454691 C0205094 "Denoting the front surface of the body; often used to indicate the position of one structure relative to another" (NCI Thesaurus) C1269011 "Artery formed by the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. Branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply the caudate nucleus; internal capsule; putamen; septal nuclei; gyrus cinguli; and surfaces of the frontal lobe and parietal lobe" (MeSH) C0923398 C0923399 C1280109 "An artery that arises from the internal carotid artery and supplies the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle of the brain and adjacent structures" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) "Segment of ICA where the anterior choroidal artery originates" C1510904 "The anterior circulation of the brain describes the areas of the brain supplied by the right and left internal carotid arteries and their branches" C1278938 "Artery connecting the anterior cerebral arteries" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C1305413 "The portion of the internal base of the skull, anterior to the sphenoidal ridges and limbus, in which the frontal lobes of the brain rest" (biology-online.org) Note that FMA does not see the anterior cranial fossa as a part of the base of the skull (as this definition might imply) but as a part of the cranial cavity in which a certain part "of the brain rests". C1269879 FMA: arterial supply of cerebellum, mesencephalon C0589502 "Occurring or performed in the normal or forward direction of conduction or flow" (Merriam-Webster online) C0233795 "Memory loss for events and experiences that occurred after the incident that produced the amnesia" (Psychological Index Terms) C0003360 "Group of drugs that counteract the action of histamine; conventional antihistamines, as those used in treating allergies, block the H1 histamine receptors, whereas others block the H2 receptors" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0003211 "Agents that counteract or suppress inflammation and are not steroids; most have in addition analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; they act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins: inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0003212 C1096021 = antiplatelet therapy "Drug therapy with platelet aggregation inhibitors" C0282555 "Group of agents that are used to treat allergic reactions; most of these drugs act by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators or inhibiting the actions of released mediators on their target cells" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0003195 "Group of agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias; they may effect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0003232 "Substances produced by microorganisms or biomimetics that can inhibit or suppress the growth of other microorganisms; frequently used without reference to the microbial origins of the original substance" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0338237 "Treat bacterial infections with antibiotics" (NCI Thesaurus) C0003280 "Agents that prevent blood clotting. Naturally occurring agents in the blood are included only when they are used as drugs" (MeSH) C0003281 "Anticoagulation involves events or activities that prevent coagulation" (NCI Thesaurus) C0935929 "By supplying insulin or stimulating endogenous insulin production, natural or synthetic Anti-diabetic Agents relieve diabetes, reducing and controlling blood sugar levels. Most current insulin products are obtained by recombinant DNA technology and mimic natural insulin. Oral hypoglycemic agents that stimulate pancreatic insulin production and increase glucose uptake in various tissues mainly belong to sulfonylurea and biguanide classes" (NCI Thesaurus) C0003299 "Agent tending to suppress or prevent epilepsy" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) "the action of an antifibrinolysin" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0003353 C0003364 "Agent that reduces high blood pressure" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0003209 "Agent that counteracts or suppresses the inflammatory process" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0003492 "Narrowing of the lumen of the aorta, caused by deformity of the aortic media" (MeSH) C0003492 "Narrowing of the lumen of the aorta, caused by deformity of the aortic media" (MeSH) [Risk: 1.Stehbens 1962/CRIM; 2.Brackett et al 1982/CRIM; 3.Conolly et al 2003/CRIM] C0003537 "Cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form; caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere; general categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0003591 "Protein components on the surface of LIPOPROTEINS. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and LIPID METABOLISM. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the LIVER and the INTESTINES" (MeSH) C0003620 "Class of drugs which suppress appetite, used for weight control" (CRISP Thesaurus) "A native or inhabitant of Arabia" (Merriam-Webster online) Levant: "The countries bordering on the Eastern Mediterranean" (Merriam-Webster online) "A native or inhabitant of Libya" (Merriam-Webster online) Maghreb: "Northwestern Africa - now considered to include Morocco, Algeria, Tunesia and sometimes Libya" (Merriam-Webster online) C0241297 "A native or inhabitant of Sudan" (Merriam-Webster online) C0282540 Arab: "Members of a Semitic people inhabiting the Arabian peninsula or other countries of the Middle East and North Africa. The term may be used with reference to ancient, medieval, or modern ethnic or cultural groups" (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) (MeSH) "A native or inhabitant of Yemen" (Merriam-Webster online) C0003707 "A delicate fibrous membrane interposed between the dura mater and the pia mater of the brain and spinal cord. It is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space" (NCI Thesaurus) C0205146 ""The extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary)" (Wordnet 3.0) C0003761 C0003798 C0337794 "Denotes the inhabitants of Armenia, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0340613 "An outpouching (aneurysm) of an artery. As opposed to a venous or cardiac aneurysm. An aneurysm is a localized widening (dilatation) of an artery, vein, or the heart. At the area of an aneurysm, there is typically a bulge and the wall is weakened and may rupture" (www.medterms.com) "Artery zone one or segment where an artery divides into daughter vessels. In general, the larger of the daughters tends to adopt the name of the parent, so that several segments in series can be considered the same artery. The smaller of the daughters may be referred to as a branch artery, and generally has a new name. Where there is no usual dominance between one daughter and the other the name of the parent artery generally stops and a new name is applied to each daughter or both take the name of the parent (e.g. common carotid to internal and external carotid)" P.S. C0229665 "Blood found in arteries; except for the pulmonary artery the arterial blood is rich in oxygen" (thefreedictionary.com) C0009563 "The ability of an artery to expand and contract passively with changes in pressure. Vessel compliance is calculated as the change in volume divided by the change in pressure (C=ΔV/ΔP). The greater the compliance the easier it is to distend the vessel. " (Watton) Arterial Geometry:"The physical dimensions, e.g. length, diameter, radius, wall thickness, of an artery are dependent on its locations within the body and the species it is from. The geometric parameters are also dependent on height, weight, age and sex of an individual." (Watton) C0599949 "Arterial stiffness is the inverse of arterial compliance and measures the resistance of an artery to distension. Arterial stiffness may be dependent on the height, weight, age and sex of an individual" (Watton) "Stiffness is the resistance of an elastic body to deformation by an applied force. It is an extensive material property." (Wikipedia) C0935106 "Vascular tree, the organ parts of which are arteries. Examples: There are only two canonical instances, systemic arterial tree (organ) and pulmonary arterial tree (organ)" (Digital Anatomist) C0003855 "An abnormal communication between an artery and a vein" (MeSH) TODO: has location (dural, pial), has feeding arteries C0003857 "Congenital arteriovenous malformation. Abnormal, tangled collections of dilated blood vessels that result from congenitally malformed vascular structures in which arterial afferents flow directly into venous efferents without the usual resistance of an intervening capillary bed. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula (ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA /congenital)" (From Merck Manual, 15th ed) (MeSH) C0003857 "Condition of bearing an AVM" [Risk: 1.Aoki 1986/CRIM; 2.Brown et al 1990/CRIM; 3.Cockroft et al 1998/CRIM; 4.Deruty et al 1990/CRIM; 5.Hodgson et al 1998/CRIM; 6.Kim et al 2004/CRIM; 7.Kondziolka et al 1988/CRIM; 8.Lasjaunias et al 1988/CRIM; 9.Liu et al 2000/CRIM; 10.Meisel et al 2000/CRIM; 11.Nakajima et al 1976/CRIM; 12.Ostergaard 1984/CRIM; 13.Perata et al 1994/CRIM; 14.Redekop et al 1998/CRIM; 15.Stapf et al 2002/CRIM; 16.Thompson et al 1998/CRIM; 17.Vymazal et al 1999/CRIM] TODO: AVM has: feeding artery, has: nidus (location, size), AVM_State possibly associated with: parenchymal edema C0264995 "Obstruction or closure of the vessels carrying blood away from the heart" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0038449 "Narrowing or stricture of the vessels carrying blood away from the heart" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1278387 C0935181 "A small branch of the cavernous part of the internal carotid artery to the trigeminal ganglion" (www.drugs.com) C0003842 "Arteries are vessels carrying blood away from the heart" TODO: Add a metaclass for all arteries where an "intracranial aneurysm" can be located? ("Artery_of_Brain_Structure") At the moment,each artery structure in aneurist_v02.owl is an artery supplying the brain, but other artery structures will be added. C0282379 C0003980 Physical aspect (of aneurysm; context: imaging) "The visual percept of a region" (WordNet 3.0) Physical aspect (of aneurysm; context: imaging) "The visual percept of a region" (WordNet 3.0) C0004057 "A drug that reduces pain, fever, inflammation, and blood clotting. Aspirin belongs to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. It is also being studied in cancer prevention" (NCI Thesaurus) C1320648 C0439849 "An association exists if two variables appear to be related by a mathematical relationship; that is, a change of one appears to be related to the change in the other. Association is necessary for a causal relationship to exist but association alone does not prove that a causal relationship exists. A correlation coefficient or the risk measures often quantify associations" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0004134 "Awkwardness in motor behavior associated with loss of afferent information from the moving part or with loss of control mechanism of the cerebellum" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0004153 "Age, lifestyle, diet, and gene related degeneration of arteries due to deposition of lipoid plaques (atheromas) on inner arterial walls; main cause of coronary artery disease, a leading cause of death" (CRISP Thesaurus) [Risk: 1.Rinkel 1998/CRIM; 2.Kappelle et al 2000/CRIM; 3.Greenhalgh et al 1980/CRIM; 4.Uehara et al 1998/CRIM] C0004238 "Disorder of cardiac rhythm characterized by rapid, irregular atrial impulses and ineffective atrial contractions" (MeSH) C0333641 "Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0235946 "Cerebral atrophy is a condition characterized by a decrease in the size or a wasting away of brain cells and tissues. It may result from malnutrition, abnormal cell or hormonal changes, or stroke. Symptoms include muscle weakness, vision or speech impairments, and dementia" (NINDS Definition) C0683920 Note: attack-"rate" is actually a proportion. "The proportion of susceptible individuals exposed to a specific risk factor in a disease outbreak that become cases. For an infectious risk factor, the attack rate is the number of secondary cases occurring within the accepted incubation period divided by the number of susceptible individuals in a closed group exposed to the primary (index) case" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0004268 "Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating" (MeSH) C0814766 "The risk in the group exposed to a risk factor minus the risk in the group not exposed to that risk factor. The underlying or background risk without that exposure is usually assumed to be the same in both groups" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0004340 C0682375 C0004348 C0004398 "Postmortem examination of the body" (MeSH) C0085413 "Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function" (MeSH) [Risk: Rinkel 2005/CRIM] C0337858 "A member of an Indian people of Bolivia, Peru, and northern Chile" (Merriam-Webster online) C0004486 C0337878 "A member of the Nahuatl people who established an empire in Mexico that was overthrown by Cortes in 1519" (WordNet 3.0) P61769@SWISSPROT Beta-2-microglobulin [Precursor] 567@ENTREZGENE beta-2-microglobulin 583@ENTREZGENE Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2 Q9BXC9@SWISSPROT Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2 protein 590@ENTREZGENE butyrylcholinesterase P16442@SWISSPROT Histo-blood group ABO system transferase 637@ENTREZGENE BH3 interacting domain death agonist P55957@SWISSPROT BH3-interacting domain death agonist 57448@ENTREZGENE baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 6 (apollon) Q9NR09@SWISSPROT Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 C0014121 "Infection occuring when bacteria in the bloodstream (bacteremia) adhere to abnormal heart valves or other damaged heart tissue; characterized by growths, known as vegetations, on the valves or other areas of the heart which can break off, travel to other parts of the body, and cause serious complications; a common causative bacteria is staphylococcus, but any organism entering the bloodstream from any site of prior infection can result in the infection" (CRISP Thesaurus) TODO: Risk Factor for Bearing an aneurysm or for rupture? C0004678 "A game played on a court with light long-handled rackets used to volley a shuttlecock over a net" (WordNet 3.0) C0004683 C0004684 Sasak: "The Sasak live mainly on the island of Lombok, Indonesia, numbering around 2.6 million" (Wikipedia) C1322817 C0887842 "Use of a balloon catheter to block the flow of blood through an artery or vein" (MeSH) C0004732 Banjar: "The name of an interior and coastal native ethnic group which settled in the Banjar region and in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the fourth biggest city on the island of Borneo" (Wikipedia) C0337826 "A member of any of a large number of linguistically related peoples of Central and South Africa" (WordNet 3.0) "A Bantu people living in northern Mozambique and in the region Mtwara in southern Tanzania" (Wikipedia) C0004739 C0085870 C0451019 "Standard, well-validated assessment that measures functional outcomes, including independence in mobility and self-care. Commonly used in rehabilitation medicine" C0228151 "A dilation of the subarachnoid space in front of the pons, where the arachnoid membrane stretches across between the two temporal lobes over the base of the diencephalon" (biology-online.org) C0004781 "Subcortical masses of gray matter of the cerebrum, namely, the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, amygdala, and clastrum; involved in initiating and directing voluntary movements" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1269881 "The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to the upper border of the pons, where it bifurcates into the two posterior cerebral arteries" (MeSH) C1185669 Questionnaire: Patient / Control C0337796 "A member of a people inhabiting the western Pyrenees on the Bay of Biscay" (Merriam-Webster online) C0282538 "A nomadic Arab of the Arabian deserts" (Merriam-Webster online) C0282538 "A nomadic Arab of the North African deserts" (Merriam-Webster online) C0004943 "Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels; of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon; the neuroocular form may cause blindness and death; synovitis, thrombophlebitis, gastrointestinal ulcerations, retinal vasculitis, and optic atrophy may occur as well" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0004950 C0004952 C0005005 "A member of any of various peoples living in northern Africa west of Tripoli" (Merriam-Webster online) C0005126 C0005136 "A saclike arterial dilation communicating with the artery by a relatively small opening" (www.answers.com, Medical Dictionary) C0005341 C0337894 "Denotes the inhabitants of Bhutan, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0005346 "Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias can result from several sources: one-sided or systematic variations in measurement from the true value (systematic error); flaws in study design; deviation of inferences, interpretations, or analyses based on flawed data or data collection; etc. There is no sense of prejudice or subjectivity implied in the assessment of bias under these conditions." (MeSH) C0238767 "Of, relating to, or affecting the right and left sides of the body or the right and left members of paired organs" (Merriam-Webster online) C1179809 "Anatomical structure which consists of an ordered aggregates of any of the following molecules: nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids and sugars. Examples: collagen, DNA, neurotransmitter, troponin" (FMA) TODO: Relation to Aneurysm_Formation? "Sign or symptom causing asymptomatic aneurysm discovery" (CRIM) C0678692 Subclass of "Defense of body integrity" (Alcohol and Other Drug Thesaurus) C0846602 Biomechanic study biomechanics: "The mechanics of biological and especially muscular activity (as in locomotion or exercise); also : the scientific study of this" (Merriam-Webster online) C1148560 GO:0003674 Molecular Function "Elemental activities, such as catalysis or binding, describing the actions of a gene product and cells at the molecular level. A given gene product may exhibit one or more molecular functions" [GO:curators] (Gene Ontology, adapted) TODO: Define "Bio Molecular Function" versus "Biological Process"! Bio-Molecular function= endurant, non-physical; Biological process=perdurant, physical. C0005612 "The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms" (MeSH) "Bulge on the surface of an aneurysm, covering less than 25% of total aneurysm volume" C0456909 "Inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli; condition may be the result of eye, optic nerve, optic chiasm or brain diseases effecting the visual pathways or occipital lobe" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0005767 "Body substance which consists of plasma and blood cells" (Digital Anatomist) C0005774 "Chemical analysis of specific components of blood" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0005774 "Chemical analysis of specific components of blood" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0302148 "An aggregation of blood factors, primarily platelets and fibrin with entrapment of cellular elements, frequently causing vascular obstruction at the point of its formation" (NCI Thesaurus) C0005779 "Condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal coagulation properties of the blood" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0005789 "Endogenous substances, usually proteins, that are involved in the blood coagulation process" (MeSH) C0005790 "Laboratory tests for evaluating the individual's clotting mechanism" (MeSH) C0427579 UMLS Blood coagulation pathway observation "Blood density is proportional to hematocrit or, more exactly, to the total protein concentration of blood; only to a minor extent is blood density influenced by other plasma solutes" (PubMed) C0232338 "Blood flow is the flow of blood in the cardiovascular system" (Wikipedia) "Time variation of the flow rate" C0005798 "... total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed" (MeSH) C0005798 "... total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed" (MeSH) TODO: Definition of Normal / Decreased Blood Flow Velocity C0005821 "Non-nucleated disk shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals; they are mainly involved in blood coagulation, and have a role in inflammation" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0005823 "Force exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries and other vessels" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0005823 "Force exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries and other vessels" (CRISP Thesaurus) "Time variation of the blood pressure" C0178913 C0031843 "Used with organs, tissues, and cells of unicellular and multicellular organisms for normal function. It is used also with biochemical substances, endogenously produced, for their physiologic role" (MeSH) C0504082 "Material physical anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state, with or without the admixture of cells and biological macromolecules; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. Examples: saliva, semen, cerebrospinal fluid, inhaled air, urine, feces, blood, plasma, lymph" (Digital Anatomist) C0005903 "Degree of heat in the body of a living organism, temperature is measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter, expressed in terms of units or degrees designated on a standard scale" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0005903 "Degree of heat in the body of a living organism, temperature is measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter, expressed in terms of units or degrees designated on a standard scale" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0152320 C0005918 C0391978 "Regular connective tissue, which consists of osteocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is ossified. Examples: woven bone, lamellar bone" (FMA) Kalimantan: "The part of Indonesia on the southern side of the island of Borneo" (WordNet 3.0) C0006036 C0006041 C1511278 C0336949 "A game in which balls are rolled at an object or group of objects with the aim of knocking them over or moving them" (WordNet 3.0) C0006104 "Subdivision of neuraxis that consists of neural tissue (which is organized into gray matter and white matter) and the cerebral ventricular system (cavity of organ part); it is embryologically derived from the rostral part of the neural tube; together with the spinal cord, the brain constitutes the organ neuraxis. Examples: There is only one brain" (Digital Anatomist) C0270611 "Damage inflicted to the brain; may be acute or chronic" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1527311 "Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue; cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries; an increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0751955 "The formation of an area of necrosis in the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres (see CEREBRAL INFARCTION), thalami, basal ganglia, brain stem (BRAIN STEM INFARCTIONS), or cerebellum secondary to an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow" (MeSH) TODO: Relation to "stroke" C0876926 "Brain injury resulting from an accident, or other trauma" (Psychological Index Terms, adapted) C0221505 "A brain lesion is an area of brain tissue that appears abnormal" TODO: Relation to brain damage C0006118 "Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain" (MeSH) C0006121 "The part of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA" (MeSH) C0149561 "Artery formed by the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. Branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply the caudate nucleus; internal capsule; putamen; septal nuclei; gyrus cinguli; and surfaces of the frontal lobe and parietal lobe" (MeSH) (Structure) Branch of Internal Carotid Artery FMA: arterial supply of cerebellum, mesencephalon C0149562 "Artery connecting the anterior cerebral arteries" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0923761 FMA: arterial supply of cerebellum, mesencephalon C0226145 C0004811 "The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to the upper border of the pons, where it bifurcates into the two posterior cerebral arteries" (MeSH) C1261083 "A small branch of the cavernous part of the internal carotid to the hypophysis" (Cancerweb OMD) C0923405 "The largest of the cerebral arteries. It trifurcates into temporal, frontal, and parietal branches supplying blood to most of the parenchyma of these lobes in the cerebral cortex. These are the areas involved in motor, sensory, and speech activities" (MeSH) (Structure) Branch of Internal Carotid Artery FMA: arterial supply of cerebellum, mesencephalon C0029078 "Artery originating from the internal carotid artery and distributing to the eye, orbit and adjacent facial structures" (MeSH) C0923792 C0149559 "Either of two arteries that occur one on each side of the circle of Willis and connect an internal carotid artery with a posterior cerebral artery" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C1185382 C0923785 FMA: arterial supply of cerebellum, mesencephalon C1185372 "The first branch of the subclavian artery with distribution to muscles of the neck, vertebrae, spinal cord, cerebellum and interior of the cerebrum" (MeSH) C0006137 C0238815 "A native or inhabitant of Brazil" (WordNet 3.0) C0006196 C0205999 C1546493 "A male sibling" (NCI Thesaurus) C0006320 C0006343 "The teaching ascribed to Gautama Buddha (ca. 483 B.C.) holding that suffering is inherent in life and that one can escape it into nirvana by mental and moral self-purification" "The Bugis (sometimes called the Ugi) live in the province of South Sulawesi. The Makassar people (also known as the Taena, Tena, or Goa) inhabit the southern part of the southwestern peninsula of Sulawesi" (www.joshuaproject.net) C0006368 C0006409 C0429306 "The Burst Suppression pattern is a characteristic signal in the EEG. It is recognized by a periodic pattern of low voltage less than 10 μv and a relatively shorter pattern of higher amplitude complexes. The BS pattern can be seen in different clinical conditions in the ICU: Head trauma, Stroke, Coma, Anoxia, Anaesthesia, Hypothermia, Premature babies. ... Monitoring of BS (pattern, bursts per minute, interburst interval and burst suppression ratio) enables the doctor to monitor anaesthesia more accurately. It also allows him to monitor severity and recovery of brain trauma" (NervusMonitor Burst Suppression Tutorial, www.cephalon.eu) suppression/burst ratio: "The percentage of time during the preceding 60 sec in which the EEG. burst suppression occurred" --> see also definition of "burst suppression" C0006448 C0870237 "A person engaged in commercial or industrial business (especially an owner or executive)" (WordNet 3.0) C0006539 C0741847 "A surgical procedure in which the doctor creates a new pathway for the flow of body fluids" (NCI Thesaurus) TODO: Definition? 55328@ENTREZGENE chromosome 10 open reading frame 59 Q9UKL3@SWISSPROT CASP8-associated protein 2 Q13936@SWISSPROT Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C Q15878@SWISSPROT Voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E 775@ENTREZGENE calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit 777@ENTREZGENE calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit 57863@ENTREZGENE cell adhesion molecule 3 796@ENTREZGENE calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha P06881@SWISSPROT Calcitonin gene-related peptide 1 [Precursor] P01258@SWISSPROT Calcitonin [Precursor] 801@ENTREZGENE calmodulin 1 (phosphorylase kinase, delta) 805@ENTREZGENE calmodulin 2 (phosphorylase kinase, delta) 808@ENTREZGENE calmodulin 3 (phosphorylase kinase, delta) P62158@SWISSPROT Calmodulin P47710@SWISSPROT Alpha-S1-casein [Precursor] 843@ENTREZGENE caspase 10, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase 834@ENTREZGENE caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (interleukin 1, beta, convertase) P29466@SWISSPROT Caspase-1 [Precursor] 9994@ENTREZGENE CASP8 associated protein 2 Q92851@SWISSPROT Caspase-10 [Precursor] 831@ENTREZGENE calpastatin P04040@SWISSPROT Catalase P53634@SWISSPROT Dipeptidyl-peptidase 1 [Precursor] 847@ENTREZGENE catalase 858@ENTREZGENE caveolin 2 P51636@SWISSPROT Caveolin-2 875@ENTREZGENE cystathionine-beta-synthase P35520@SWISSPROT Cystathionine beta-synthase 6347@ENTREZGENE chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 P13500@SWISSPROT Small inducible cytokine A2 [Precursor] 9973@ENTREZGENE copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase O14618@SWISSPROT Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase P11836@SWISSPROT B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 P08575@SWISSPROT Leukocyte common antigen [Precursor] 920@ENTREZGENE CD4 molecule P01730@SWISSPROT T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 [Precursor] 968@ENTREZGENE CD68 molecule P34810@SWISSPROT Macrosialin [Precursor] 1055@ENTREZGENE cat eye syndrome chromosome region P06276@SWISSPROT Cholinesterase [Precursor] 1158@ENTREZGENE creatine kinase, muscle 1165@ENTREZGENE spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 2 1243@ENTREZGENE cutaneous malignant melanoma/dysplastic nevus 9337@ENTREZGENE CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 8 Q9UFF9@SWISSPROT CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 8 1268@ENTREZGENE cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) P21554@SWISSPROT Cannabinoid receptor 1 C0262424 Neurodegenerative disease: "A disorder of the central nervous system characterized by gradual and progressive loss of neural tissue and neurologic function" (NCI Thesaurus) P02452@SWISSPROT Collagen alpha-1(I) chain [Precursor] P08123@SWISSPROT Collagen alpha-2(I) chain [Precursor] P02461@SWISSPROT Collagen alpha-1(III) chain [Precursor] P12109@SWISSPROT Collagen alpha-1(VI) chain [Precursor] P12110@SWISSPROT Collagen alpha-2(VI) chain [Precursor] Q05707@SWISSPROT Collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain [Precursor] 7373@ENTREZGENE collagen, type XIV, alpha 1 (undulin) 1277@ENTREZGENE collagen, type I, alpha 1. "This gene encodes the major component of type I collagen, the fibrillar collagen found in most connective tissues, and the only component of the collagen found in cartilage. Mutations in this gene are associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and idiopathic osteoporosis. Reciprocal translocations between chromosomes 17 and 22, where this gene and the gene for platelet-derived growth factor beta are located, are associated with a particular type of skin tumor called dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, resulting from unregulated expression of the growth factor. Two transcripts, resulting from the use of alternate polyadenylation signals, have been identified for this gene." 1278@ENTREZGENE collagen, type I, alpha 2 1281@ENTREZGENE collagen, type III, alpha 1 (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, autosomal dominant) 1291@ENTREZGENE collagen, type VI, alpha 1 1292@ENTREZGENE collagen, type VI, alpha 2 P01189@SWISSPROT Corticotropin-lipotropin [Precursor] 8533@ENTREZGENE COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 3 (Arabidopsis) P06850@SWISSPROT Corticoliberin [Precursor] 1392@ENTREZGENE corticotropin releasing hormone 1401@ENTREZGENE C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related P02741@SWISSPROT C-reactive protein [Precursor] 7812@ENTREZGENE cold shock domain containing E1, RNA-binding O75534@SWISSPROT Cold shock domain-containing protein E1 1446@ENTREZGENE casein alpha s1 Q9UNS2@SWISSPROT COP9 signalosome complex subunit 3 1471@ENTREZGENE cystatin C (amyloid angiopathy and cerebral hemorrhage) 1075@ENTREZGENE cathepsin C C1536105 "In CT angiography (CTA), computed tomography using a contrast material produces the detailed pictures. CT imaging uses special x-ray equipment to produce multiple images and a computer to join them together in cross-sectional views" (http://www.radiologyinfo.org) P13498@SWISSPROT Cytochrome b-245 light chain 1535@ENTREZGENE cytochrome b-245, alpha polypeptide P01034@SWISSPROT Cystatin-C [Precursor] C0175895 "Having calcium deposited on or in an anatomic structure" (NCI Thesaurus) C1265768 C0006684 "A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. Since they are inducers of vascular and other smooth muscle relaxation, they are used in the drug therapy of hypertension and cerebrovascular spasms, as myocardial protective agents, and in the relaxation of uterine spasms" (MeSH) C1441506 Questionnaire: "Backward counting by seven from 100 to 65" "The procedure or activity of determining something by mathematical or logical methods" (NCI Thesaurus) C1301886 "The length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle or sphere and connecting two points on the circumference" (NCI Thesaurus) C0006797 C0006802 C0006823 C0006893 C0152341 "White matter pathway, flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of both afferent and efferent fibers projecting between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem. It consists of three distinct parts: an anterior limb, posterior limb, and genu" (MeSH) C0391839 = pCO2 Partial pressure: "In a mixture of ideal gases, each gas has a partial pressure which is the pressure which the gas would have if it alone occupied the volume. Measures how much carbon dioxide is dissolved in the blood and how well carbon dioxide is able to move out of the body" (Wikipedia) C0003811 "Any variation from the normal rhythm or rate of the heart beat" (MeSH) TODO: Association:M.K. C0229962 "Anatomical structure, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with either the skull, a segment of the vertebral column or a complete set of bones of the appendicular skeleton; it is partially surrounded by skin and forms a distinct morphological subdivision of the body; together with all other body parts, a body part constitutes the human body. Examples: Canonical instances are limited to head, neck, trunk, and the limbs" (Digital Anatomist) C0007222 "Condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of the cardiovascular system, including the heart or blood vessels" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1320716 e.g. heart attack, stroke, cardiovascular death C1273410 C0007227 "Functions and activities of the cardiovascular system as a whole or of any of its parts" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1269562 "The system that contains the heart and the blood vessels and moves blood throughout the body. This system helps tissues get enough oxygen and nutrients, and it helps them get rid of waste products. The lymph system, which connects with the blood system, is often considered part of the circulatory system" (NCI Thesaurus) C1331005 "Persons native to the Caribbean islands; includes, but not limited to persons native to Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Netherland Antilles, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts, Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, the Grenadines, Trinidad, Tobago and the Virgin Islands" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0202896 "Radiography of carotid artery after injection of a contrast medium" TODO: Participant Common or Internal Carotid Artery? & Subdivision? C0340639 TODO: Definition: Aneurysm of which part of the carotid artery? Common Carotid A. and all subdivisions? C0751633 Atheroma: "Yellowish plaques containing cholesterol, lipoid material, and lipophages formed within the intima and inner media of large and medium-sized arteries in atherosclerosis" (CRISP Thesaurus) TODO: Relation to Atherosclerosis C0226088 C0014099 "The excision of the thickened, atheromatous tunica intima of a carotid artery" (MeSH) C0007281 "The dilated portion of the common carotid artery at its bifurcation into external and internal carotids. It contains baroreceptors which, when stimulated, cause slowing of the heart, vasodilatation, and a fall in blood pressure" (MeSH) C0007282 "Narrowing or stricture of the internal, common, or external carotid artery, most often as a result of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce thrombus formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a transient ischemic attack (ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT) or CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT. Emboli which travel to the eye may manifest as AMAUROSIS FUGAX (temporary blindness). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp822-3)" (MeSH) Carotid stenosis quantification in @neurIST follows NASCET criteria (P.B.) C0007292 "Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes" (MeSH) C0007328 "Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group" (MeSH) C0282250 Note: case-fatality-"rate" is actually a proportion. "Cumulative incidence of death in the group of individuals that develop the disease over a time period (often unstated); a proportion, not a rate" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0085973 "An uncontrolled observational study containing a detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin)" (NCI Thesaurus) C0150093 "A series of patients with a defined disorder. Usually, the term is used to describe a study reporting on a consecutive collection of patients treated in a similar manner, without a concurrent control group. For example, a surgeon might describe the characteristics of and outcomes for 100 consecutive patients with cerebral ischemia who received a revascularization procedure. See also CONSECUTIVE SAMPLE" (Glossary of Clinical Epidemiologic Terms) C0243102 GO:0003824 Catalytic Activity "Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic" [source: ISBN:0198506732] C0402610 "Someone who provides food and service (as for a party); the performance of duties by a waiter or servant" (WordNet 3.0) C0043157 "An ethnic group of putative Caucasoid origin" (MeSH) C0007465 "Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint" (MeSH) TODO: relation to Epidemiology? C1182591 "Any of several small branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the trigeminal ganglion and the walls of the cavernous and petrosal sinuses" (Online Medical Dictionary by cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk) C0018920 "A hemangioma characterized by the presence of cavernous vascular spaces" (NCI Thesaurus) C0226159 "The tortuous portion of the internal carotid artery located within the cavernous sinus; it has numerous small branches" (Cancerweb OMD) TODO: Is this a =>zone? Reclassification? C0923230 C0923229 C1280187 "The cavernous sinus (or lateral sellar compartment), within the human head, is a large collection of thin-walled veins creating a cavity bordered by the sphenoid bone and the temporal bone of the skull" (Wikipedia) C0007481 C0007634 "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope" [GO:curators] (Gene Ontology) "Anatomical structure that consists of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane, with or without the cell nucleus; together with other cells and intercellular matrix, it constitutes tissues. Examples: lymphocyte, fibroblast, erythrocyte, neuron" (Digital Anatomist) C0007578 "Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis" (MeSH) C0243021 "Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS" (MeSH) C0007595 "The process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present" [GO:ai] (Gene Ontology) C1178969 "Anatomical structure which consists of the whole or parts of the plasma membrane or the protoplasm; together with other cell parts, it constitutes a cell. Examples: cell body, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cell nucleus, mitochondrion" (Digital Anatomist) C0475210 "A metric unit of length equal to one hundredth of a meter" (Wordnet 3.0) C0007673 C1280956 "Any of several branches of the basilar and vertebral arteries that supply the cerebellum" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) FMA: arterial supply of cerebellum, mesencephalon C0228465 "The large part of the cerebellum lateral to the vermis cerebelli." (biology-online.org) "Surgical removal of a cerebellar hemisphere" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) C0007765 "Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem; it is involved in the coordination of movement" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0085220 "A heterogeneous group of disorders that includes sporadic and familial forms, characterized clinically by cerebral ischemia (see BRAIN ISCHEMIA); CEREBRAL INFARCTION; and CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE. Pathologically the condition is marked by the deposition of AMYLOID in the walls of small blood vessels in the cerebral cortex and meninges. The sporadic form is associated with lobar cerebral hemorrhage in the elderly and ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (From Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1996 Jun;22(3):216-227; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p852)" (MeSH) C0007767 "Radiography of blood vessels of the brain after injection of a contrast medium" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0008812 "A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid, proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries, the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries" (MeSH) C0917804 "A cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a malformed collection of blood vessels within the brain, characterized by tangle(s) of veins and arteries" (Wikipedia) C0007770 "Cerebral arteries are supplying the cerebral cortex" (MeSH) MeSH, SNOMED: MCA, ACA, PCA C0007818 "The circulation of blood through the vessels of the BRAIN" (MeSH) C0007776 "Thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon and folds into gyri; it reaches its highest development in man and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0007780 "An obstruction in a cerebral artery by an embolus, usually resulting in transient or permanent impairment of cognitive, motor, or sensory function" (http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com) C0228174 Cerebral Hemisphere Structure "One half of the cerebrum, the part of the brain that controls muscle functions and also controls speech, thought, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. The right hemisphere controls the muscles on the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls the muscles on the right side of the body" (NCI Thesaurus) "Surgical removal of a cerebral hemisphere" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) "Decreased blood flow through the brain" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online, adapted) C0007785 "The formation of an area of necrosis in the cerebrum caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction)." (MeSH) C0917798 "Cerebral ischemia is an ischemic condition where the brain or parts of the brain do not receive enough blood flow to maintain normal neurological function. Cerebral ischemia can be the result of various diseases, or the result of arterial obstruction such as strangulation. Similarly to cerebral hypoxia, severe or prolonged cerebral ischemia will result in unconsciousness, brain damage or death, mediated by the ischemic cascade" (Wikipedia) "Any cerebrovascular disorder that is induced by ischemic conditions in the brain" (J.B.) C0226160 "The portion of the internal carotid artery that supplies the brain; its branches are: superior hypophyseal, clival, ophthalmic, anterior choroidal, anterior cerebral, and middle cerebral" (Cancerweb OMD) TODO: Is this a =>zone? Reclassification? C0923232 C0923231 C0518746 "Extent to which blood flows through the cerebral vasculature and maintains brain function" (Nursing Outcomes Classification) C0428713 "Cerebral perfusion pressure, or CPP, is the net pressure gradient causing blood flow to the brain. It must be maintained within narrow limits because too little pressure could cause brain tissue to become ischemic (having inadequate blood flow), and too much could raise intracranial pressure (ICP)" (Wikipedia) C0265110 ""Cerebral vasospasm" is a term that refers to physical narrowing of the central "lumen" of a brain blood vessel due to overcontraction of the vessel wall" (www.brain-aneurysm.com) C0007797 "Veins draining the cerebrum" (MeSH) C0007799 "Cavities within the brain which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid, including the two lateral, the third, and linked by the aqueduct, the fourth ventricles; lined by ependyma which in certain regions, is invaginated by vascular fringes of pia mater to form the choroid plexuses" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1269598 "A large subarachnoid space between the caudal part of the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0007806 "Transudate contained in the subarachnoid space" (Digital Anatomist) C0023182 "Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak may occur from the nose (rhinorrhea), from the external auditory canal (otorrhea), or from a traumatic or operative defect in the skull or spine. The fluid leak is a result of meningeal dural and arachnoid laceration with fistula formation. Blunt trauma is the most common cause" (www.emedicine.com) C1292530 C0007820 "Broad category of disorders of blood flow in the arteries and veins which supply the brain; includes cerebral infarction, brain ischemia, brain hypoxia, intracranial embolism and thrombosis, intracranial arteriovenous malformations, etc; not limited to conditions that affect the cerebrum, but refers to vascular disorders of the entire brain" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0007820 "Broad category of disorders of blood flow in the arteries and veins which supply the brain; includes cerebral infarction, brain ischemia, brain hypoxia, intracranial embolism and thrombosis, intracranial arteriovenous malformations, etc; not limited to conditions that affect the cerebrum, but refers to vascular disorders of the entire brain" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0242202 "Part of the brain derived from the embryonic telencephalon and consisting of the cortex and white matter of the cerebral hemispheres, the basal ganglia, and certain other basal structures which are a part of the rhinencephalon" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0205423 "The quality or state of being certain especially on the basis of evidence" (Merriam-Webster online) C0205423 "the quality or state of being certain especially on the basis of evidence" (Merriam-Webster online) --> Used to classify the certainty for an owl:Thing to be a risk factor for Bearing an Intracranial Aneurysm or a risk factor for Aneurysm Rupture. (SH, 02.10.06) C0394842 "A block for pain caused by nerve dysfunction" C0007928 C0443172 Here: Not the process of change, but "A relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event" (WordNet 3.0) C0443172 "A relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event" (WordNet 3.0) C0022009 "Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for channel gating can be a membrane potential, drug, transmitter, cytoplasmic messenger, or a mechanical deformation. Ion channels which are integral parts of ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors are not included" (MeSH) C1523106 GO:0051082 Unfolded Protein Binding "Interacting selectively with an unfolded protein" [source: GOC:ai] C0729502 "An agent used in chemotherapy" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0392920 "The use of synthetic or naturally-occurring chemicals for the treatment of diseases. Although this term is used to describe any therapy involving the use of chemical-based agents, particularly, it refers to the variety of chemical-based agents employed to treat cancer. Antineoplastic chemotherapy works by arresting or killing the growth and spread of cancer cells. Chemotherapy may also include agents that enhance immune function or alter hormonal activity" (NCI Thesaurus) C0008107 C0008115 C0152035 "Native or inhabitant of China" (CRISP Thesaurus) "The Hui people are a Chinese ethnic group, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam" (Wikipedia) C0428466 C0201950 "A quantitative measurement of the amount of cholesterol present in a (blood) sample" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) C0344346 "The religion stemming from the life, teachings, and death of Jesus Christ: the religion that believes in God as the Father Almighty who works redemptively through the Holy Spirit for men's salvation and that affirms Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior who proclaimed to man the gospel of salvation" C0006888 C0008633 "A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary" (Gene Ontology" C0205191 "Being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering" (WordNet 3.0) C0008795 "Motion pictures of the passage of contrast medium through blood vessels" (MeSH) C0008902 DOLCE defining Classification/Categorisation: "A group of people or things arranged by class or category" UMLS: "A method of generalisation, the systematic arrangement of entities into classes or groups based on mutual similarity and certain differing characteristics" (NCI Thesaurus) C1456822 "Limping or lameness" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0007806 C0449259 TODO: Definition C0449259 TODO: Definition C0449820 UMLS Score: "A number or range of numeric values measuring performance, function, quality, or ability" (NCI Thesaurus) C0175722 "Devices designed for attachment or occlusion of anatomic structures (e.g., blood vessels, fallopian tubes) and small objects and accessories (e.g., towels, drapes, bandages) used in surgical procedures without intentionally piercing them (i.e., atraumatic); some clips are intended for use as permanent implants or for temporary occlusion of external (e.g., nose, umbilical cord) anatomic structures. Surgical temporary clips usually permit only a small jaw opening, have a normally closed resting state, and are frequently applied manually; dedicated implantable clips include a variety of atraumatic small metallic or plastic devices in different shapes and sizes that are typically delivered using clip appliers" (Universal Medical Devices Nomenclature) C0923418 "Tiny branches that supply the clivus" (www.wikipedia.org) C0923420 C0923419 C0185010 "Open surgical placement of a tiny metal clip across the aneurysm neck to stop blood flow into the aneurysm" (www.brainaneurysm.com) C0460105 "Thickened or coalesced in soft thick lumps (such as clogs or clots)" (WordNet 3.0) C0009171 C0009212 C0338656 "Impaired mental or intellectual functioning" (Psychological Index Terms) C0599755 "A group of individuals having a statistical factor (as age or class membership) in common in a demographic study" (Merriam-Webster online) C0009247 "Prospective investigation of the factors that might cause a disorder in which a cohort of individuals who do not have evidence of an outcome of interest but who are exposed to the putative cause are compared with a concurrent cohort who are also free of the outcome but not exposed to the putative cause. Both cohorts are then followed to compare the incidence of the outcome of interest" (Glossary of Clinical Epidemiologic Terms) C1705946 "a platinum coil commonly used in intracranial non-invasive surgery for the occlusion of brain aneurysms" (Wikipedia) "A coil ... helps block the flow of blood and prevents a rupture of the vessel." (www.radiologyinfo.org) "Coil compaction into the aneurysm, causing a recurrence of the aneurysm lumen" "Endovascular treatment of brain aneurysms involving insertion of a catheter into the femoral artery in the patient's leg and navigating it through the vascular system, into the head and into the aneurysm. Tiny platinum coils are threaded through the catheter and deployed into the aneurysm, blocking blood flow into the aneurysm and preventing rupture" (www.brainaneurysm.com) C1179626 "Any collagen polymer in which collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils" (GO for fibrillar collagen) C0009367 C0009393 "Property of matter or light sources that corresponds to the relative reflectance or absorption of incident light and the wavelength of the incident light or light source. Color is described perceptually by the dimensions of hue, lightness, brightness, and saturation. Compare HUE" (Psychological Index Terms) C0009393 "Property of matter or light sources that corresponds to the relative reflectance or absorption of incident light and the wavelength of the incident light or light source. Color is described perceptually by the dimensions of hue, lightness, brightness, and saturation. Compare HUE" (Psychological Index Terms) C0009421 "Profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused; coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem" (CRISP Thesaurus) UMLS "comatose" C0596210 "Bundles of nerve fibers which cross the midline, connecting two homologous parts of the brain; to be indexed with another term describing the area of the brain in which the commissure is located" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0162859 "The two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, one on each side, and at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, each divides into two branches, the external (CAROTID ARTERY, EXTERNAL) and internal (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL) carotid arteries" (MeSH) "Here communication is taken in a rather wide sense, being possible as an (intentional) activity as well as a phenomenon" (DOLCE) C0009452 Communication: "the technology of the transmission of information (as by print or telecommunication)" (Merriam-Webster online) C0009490 C0702116 "An increase in the density of something" (WordNet 3.0) C0205197 "To possess every necessary or normal part or component or step; having come or been brought to a conclusion" (NCI Thesaurus) C0750957 Defined as neurologic deficit in the context of IA and IA Rupture C0599395 High school: "A public secondary school usually including grades 9 through 12" (Wordnet 3.0) C0876931 Junior high school: "A secondary school usually including 7th and 8th grades" (Wordnet 3.0) C0682181 C0033145 Primary school: "A school for young children; usually the first 6 or 8 grades" (Wordnet 3.0) C0041740 University: "Educational institutions providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees" (MeSH) C1511035 Bachelor's Degree: "Bachelor's degree is an award (baccalaureate or equivalent degree, as determined by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Education) conferred by a college, university, or other postsecondary education institution as official recognition for the successful completion of a program of studies, that normally requires at least four years of full-time equivalent college-level work. This includes bachelor's degrees conferred in a five-year cooperative program" (NCI Thesaurus) C1512027 Doctoral Degree: "The Doctor's Degree is the highest award a student can earn for graduate study. The doctor's degree classification includes such degrees in any field" (NCI Thesaurus) C1513010 Master's Degree: "The Master's Degree is an award that requires the successful completion of a program of study of at least the full-time equivalent of 1 but not more than two academic years of work beyond the bachelor's degree" (NCI Thesaurus) "Entirely freed from illness or injury" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) C0439812 "The state of being complete and entire" (Wordnet 3.0, adapted) C0439812 "The state of being complete and entire" (Wordnet 3.0 adapted) C0009566 "Any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of (or because of) another disease" (NCI Thesaurus) "Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is one of the branches of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows" (Wikipedia) TODO:Classification okay? CFD is applied in many other areas, but for aneurIST, it can be considered as a as Health Care Activity.Relation to Computer_Simulation necessary? "A mathematical model that requires computational resources to study the behaviour of a complex system by computer simulation" (Watton) C0009609 "The technique of representing the real world by a computer program" (WordNet 3.0) C1446561 "The quantity of a substance per unit volume or weight; a measure of the amount of substance present in a unit amount of mixture, particularly, the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. The amounts can be expressed as moles, masses, volumes, or parts" (NCI Thesaurus) C0683578 "Condition, status (a state at a particular time). E.g. a condition (or state) of disrepair; the current status of the arms negotiations" (WordNet 3.0) C0009667 "A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable" (MeSH) C0009673 "Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study." (MeSH) C0009738 C0009782 "A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides" (MeSH) Consanguineous: "Related by blood" (WordNet 3.0) C0517960 "Arousal, orientation, and attention to the environment" (Nursing Outcomes Classification) C0009797 "Documents describing a medical treatment or research project, including proposed procedures, risks, and alternatives, that are to be signed by an individual, or the individual's proxy, to indicate his/her understanding of the document and a willingness to undergo the treatment or to participate in the research" (MeSH) "A description whose purpose is defining a figure" (DOLCE) TODO: Definition, relation to Mathematical_Model correct?(sibling class?) Y.V. C0403066 "A worker skilled in building offices or dwellings etc" (WordNet 3.0) C0009924 "Substances used in radiography that allow visualization of certain tissues" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1547100 "Control groups are an important part of many scientific experiments. Researchers use control groups to find out if a treatment really has an effect" C0234972 "Any pathologic condition in which convulsions are a common symptom and characteristic electroencephalogram patterns are displayed" C0009956 C1269008 "Systemic artery which supplies the heart" (FMA) C0242231 "Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery" (MeSH) C0010090 "The main neocortical commissure of the cerebral hemispheres; it is subdivided into a genu, a rostrum, a body, and a splenium" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1707520 "The degree to which two or more quantities or events are linearly associated, a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the others" (NCI Thesaurus) This entity type is in our context seen as a quality of variables C0871052 Pearson Correlation Coefficient "A measure of the correlation of two variables X and Y measured on the same object or organism, that is, a measure of the tendency of the variables to increase or decrease together. It is defined as the sum of the products of the standard scores of the two measures divided by the degrees of freedom" (NCI Thesaurus) C1511529 C0010182 C1300001 "The country where a person was born" C0041400 C0750729 "Progression through a development or period or a series of acts or events" (Merriam-Webster online) C1280705 "The anatomical space encased by the bones of the skull which contain the brain (the brain case)" (biology-online.org, adapted) C0010268 "Any of the 12 paired nerves that originate in the brain stem" (NCI Thesaurus) C0151311 C0013526 "Use of reflected ultrasound in the diagnosis of intracranial pathologic processes" (MeSH) C0195897 "Surgery to remove a portion of the cranium" (NCI Thesaurus) C0010280 "Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium" (Dorland, 28th ed) (MeSH) Here: Incision into the cranium C0428279 C0201975 "A quantitative measurement of the amount of creatinine present in a (blood) sample" (NCI Thesaurus) C0162702 "Surgical creation of a communication between a cerebral ventricle and the peritoneum by means of a plastic tube to permit drainage of cerebrospinal fluid for relief of hydrocephalus" (From Dorland, 28th ed) (MeSH) C0010343 C0010362 "Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time" (MeSH) "The sport of skiing across the countryside (rather than downhill)" (WordNet 3.0) C0010435 "Sports implement consisting of a tapering rod used to strike a cue ball in pool or billiards" (WordNet 3.0) "The proportion of a fixed population that become diseased within the stated time period (e.g. month, year); not a rate but often referred to as such (e.g. the annual incidence "rate" is actually the cumulative annual incidence, a proportion)" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0439596 "Recurring in cycles" (WordNet 3.0) "The sport of traveling on a bicycle or motorcycle" (WordNet 3.0) C0010622 C0010852 "Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible" (MeSH) C0206578 P42126@SWISSPROT 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase, mitochondrial [Precursor] 1612@ENTREZGENE death-associated protein kinase 1 P53355@SWISSPROT Death-associated protein kinase 1 117159@ENTREZGENE dermcidin P81605@SWISSPROT Dermcidin [Precursor] 1632@ENTREZGENE dodecenoyl-Coenzyme A delta isomerase (3,2 trans-enoyl-Coenzyme A isomerase) 780@ENTREZGENE discoidin domain receptor family, member 1 Q08345@SWISSPROT Epithelial discoidin domain-containing receptor 1 [Precursor] P17661@SWISSPROT Desmin 1674@ENTREZGENE desmin 27019@ENTREZGENE dynein, axonemal, intermediate chain 1 Q9UI46@SWISSPROT Dynein intermediate chain 1, axonemal 1791@ENTREZGENE deoxynucleotidyltransferase, terminal 1830@ENTREZGENE desmoglein 3 (pemphigus vulgaris antigen) P32926@SWISSPROT Desmoglein-3 [Precursor] P60896@SWISSPROT 26 proteasome complex subunit DSS1 Q16570@SWISSPROT Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor Q13115@SWISSPROT Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 1846@ENTREZGENE dual specificity phosphatase 4 54808@ENTREZGENE dymeclin Q7RTS9@SWISSPROT Dymeclin C0332173 "Occurring or done each day" (NCI Thesaurus) C0034872 "An activity carried out for recreation or exercise, or as part of daily life" "A game in which small pointed missiles are thrown at a dartboard" (WordNet 3.0) C0010995 "Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data" (MeSH) C0868941 "A series of operations on data by a computer in order to retrieve or transform or classify information" (NCI Thesaurus) C1610715 "A female human offspring" (NCI Thesaurus) C0011053 "Lack or significant deficiency of the sense of hearing" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0011065 "Cessation of life; permanent cessation of all vital bodily functions" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0282374 "An agent that relieves congestion (as of mucous membranes)" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0205216 "Significant change down (quantitative observations, does not imply B or W)" (HL7 Version 3.0) R.P. C0924008 Context: Venous drainage of AVM (CRIM) Here: deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces "Change in shape of size of a continuum body after it undergoes a displacement between an initial configuration at time t=0 and a deformed configuration at time t. =>=> Strain is the geometrical measure of deformation" (Watton) C0699900 UMLS Catabolism "Any metabolic process involving the breakdown of complex substances into smaller products, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism" [ISBN:0198547684] (Gene Ontology) C1444642 "The quality of being difficult" (WordNet 3.0). This quality decribes if the accomplishment of a procedure is/was more or less difficult or easy to perform. C1444642 "The quality of being difficult" (WordNet 3.0) C1274040 Outcome: "something that follows as a result or consequence" (Merriam-Webster online). This quality describes if the accomplishment of a procedure is/was successful or not. C1274040 Outcome: "Something that follows as a result or consequence" (Merriam-Webster online) C0043444 C0011318 C0178587 "Quantity per unit volume, unit area, or unit length" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0678257 DOLCE: "A non-physical endurant, generically dependent on some communication act (and indirectly on some agentive physical object participating in that act." UMLS: "A statement that represents something in words" (NCI Thesaurus). "For attributes representing a statement used to describe something" (HL7 Version 3.0). TODO: Definition TODO: Definition C0522649 "A small balloon, attached to the tip of a catheter, which can be released to occlude a vessel" (Online Medical Dictionary by cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk) C0868945 "Deterioration is a ... state of reduced quality or strength....." (NCI Thesaurus) "A symptom of reduced quality or strength" (WordNet 3.0) C0011849 "Heterogeneous group of disorders that share glucose intolerance in common" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0011900 "General term for detecting and classifying diseases" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0011923 "Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy" (MeSH) C0430022 "Methods, procedures, and tests performed to diagnose disease, disordered function, or disability" (NCI Thesaurus) C0043299 "Examination of a specimen or any part of the body, usually for diagnostic purposes, by means of roentgen rays, recording the image on a sensitized surface such as photographic film" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0553794 "Tapping of the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae for diagnostic purposes" (MeSH, adapted) C0428883 "The blood pressure after the contraction of the heart while the chambers of the heart refill with blood" (NCI Thesaurus) C0332218 "Not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure" (WordNet 3.0) C1527347 "The occurrence of difficulty communicating through speech" C0002979 "A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tissue plus intravascular contrast material that attenuates the X-ray photons. The background image is determined from a digitized image taken a few moments before injection of the contrast material. The resulting angiogram is a high-contrast image of the vessel. This subtraction technique allows extraction of a high-intensity signal from the superimposed background information. The image is thus the result of the differential absorption of X-rays by different tissues" (MeSH) C0012356 "The act of dilating" (MeSH) C0439755 "The spatial relation between something and the course along which it points or moves" (WordNet 3.0) TODO: Temporal quality? C0439755 "The spatial relation between something and the course along which it points or moves" (WordNet 3.0) TODO: Temporal quality? (context more the position of anatomical entities to each other, or -> inherent in movement? ) C0231170 "Any physical, mental, or functional impairment that limits a major activity. It may be partial or complete (Taber's(" (NCI Thesaurus) TODO: Relation to the entity types for impairment (visual, cognitive etc.) C0155765 "Microvascular disease or microangiopathy is a disease process affecting small blood vessels in the body" (Wikipedia) C1704431 "An electrolyte disorder is an imbalance of certain ionized salts (i.e., bicarbonate, calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, and sodium) in the blood" C0743223 "The tendency of something to act in a certain manner under given circumstances resulting from natural constitution; nature; quality; orderly arrangement" (NCI Thesaurus) C0002949 "Splitting or dissection of an arterial wall by blood entering through an intimal tear or by interstitial hemorrhage. It is most common in the aorta" (MeSH) TODO:Ambiguous entity. a) dissection of the wall of an existing aneurysm b) development of an "aneurysm" by hemorrhage between arterial wall layers. C0012737 "Separation and isolation of tissues for surgical purposes, or for the analysis or study of their structures" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0012798 "Agents that promote the excretion of urine through their effects on kidney function" (MeSH) C0086170 "Marriage contract has been declared dissolved and inactive" C0012833 "An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness" (MeSH) C0012836 "A concave shape whose distinguishing characteristic is that the concavity faces downward" (WordNet 3.0) TODO: Classification as size? C0013013 C0013014 C0242837 "Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow" (Stedman, 25th ed) (MeSH) C0206077 "A non-invasive technique using ultrasound for the measurement of cerebrovascular hemodynamics, particularly cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral collateral flow. With a high-intensity, low-frequency pulse probe, the intracranial arteries may be studied transtemporally, transorbitally, or from below the foramen magnum" (MeSH) C0178602 "Use for measured amounts of chemicals" (CRISP Thesaurus) "A ski race down a trail" (WordNet 3.0) C0013103 "The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity" (MeSH) C0590772 C0013216 Here: Drug therapy for aneurysm Drug Therapy: "Treatment of disease through the use of drugs" (NCI Thesaurus) TODO: To be defined. Which drugs are used to treat aneurysm/ to prevent rupture? C0013313 "Outermost and heaviest layer of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0010271 "Large endothelium-lined venous channels situated between the two layers of the dura mater; they are devoid of valves" (MeSH) C0449238 "The period of time during which something continues" (NCI Thesaurus) C0086790 C0013362 "Imperfect speech articulation due to disturbances of muscular control" (CRISP Thesaurus) 1906@ENTREZGENE endothelin 1 P05305@SWISSPROT Endothelin-1 [Precursor] 1907@ENTREZGENE endothelin 2 P20800@SWISSPROT Endothelin-2 [Precursor] 1908@ENTREZGENE endothelin 3 P14138@SWISSPROT Endothelin-3 [Precursor] 1910@ENTREZGENE endothelin receptor type B P24530@SWISSPROT Endothelin B receptor [Precursor] 10278@ENTREZGENE Embryonal Fyn-associated substrate O43281@SWISSPROT embryonal Fyn-associated substrate P17813@SWISSPROT Endoglin [Precursor] 1991@ENTREZGENE elastase 2, neutrophil "ELANA stands for Excimer Laser Assisted Non-occlusive Anastomosis. An anastomosis is the medical term for connecting blood vessels. The ELANA technique is used to create bypasses without closing the main bloodstream (non-occlusive)" (www.elana.com) 2004@ENTREZGENE ELK3, ETS-domain protein (SRF accessory protein 2) P41970@SWISSPROT ETS domain-containing protein Elk-3 P08246@SWISSPROT Leukocyte elastase [Precursor] 2006@ENTREZGENE elastin (supravalvular aortic stenosis, Williams-Beuren syndrome) P15502@SWISSPROT Elastin [Precursor], Tropoelastin Q9Y6C2@SWISSPROT EMILIN-1 11117@ENTREZGENE elastin microfibril interfacer 1 2022@ENTREZGENE endoglin (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 1) 2026@ENTREZGENE enolase 2 (gamma, neuronal) P09104@SWISSPROT Gamma-enolase 2056@ENTREZGENE erythropoietin P01588@SWISSPROT Erythropoietin [Precursor] 51327@ENTREZGENE erythroid associated factor 157570@ENTREZGENE establishment of cohesion 1 homolog 2 (S. cerevisiae) Q56NI9@SWISSPROT N-acetyltransferase ESCO2 2099@ENTREZGENE estrogen receptor 1 P03372@SWISSPROT Estrogen receptor 2100@ENTREZGENE estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) Q92731@SWISSPROT Estrogen receptor beta 2121@ENTREZGENE Ellis van Creveld syndrome P57679@SWISSPROT Ellis-van Creveld syndrome protein C1452561 C0332219 "Posing no difficulty; requiring little effort" (WordNet 3.0) "An observational analytical study based on aggregated secondary data. Aggregate data on risk factors and disease prevalence from different population groups is compared to identify associations. Because all data are aggregate at the group level, relationships at the individual level cannot be empirically determined but are rather inferred from the group level. Thus, because of the likelihood of an ecologic fallacy, this type of study provides weak empirical evidence" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0013593 C0013604 "Swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0013658 "A demographic parameter indicating the number of years of schooling or the highest level of achievement at school" (NCI Thesaurus) C0013658 "A demographic parameter indicating the number of years of schooling or the highest level of achievement at school" (NCI Thesaurus) C0013715 C0337801 "Denotes the inhabitants of Egypt, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0013720 "Group of inherited disorders of the connective tissue; major manifestations include hyperextensible skin and joints, easy bruisability, friability of tissues with bleeding and poor wound healing, calcified subcutaneous spheroids, and pseudotumors" (CRISP Thesaurus) [Risk: Schievink et al 2002/CRIM] C0013754 C0013764 "Physical property that exhibits resistance and recovery from distortion of shape" (CRISP Thesaurus) "In physics, elasticity is the physical property of a material when it deforms under stress (e.g. external forces), but returns to its original shape when the stress is removed. The amount of deformation is called the strain." (Wikipedia) C1179625 "A component of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching" [source: GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] GO name: extracellular matrix constituent conferring elasticity C0001792 "An age group comprised by people 65 years of age and older" (NCI Thesaurus) C0430797 "Recording of electric currents developed in the brain with electrodes applied directly to the cortex" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0262469 "In an embolic stroke, a blood clot forms somewhere in the body (usually the heart) and travels through the bloodstream to the brain. Once in the brain, the clot eventually travels to a blood vessel small enough to block its passage. The clot lodges there, blocking the blood vessel and causing a stroke" C0522644 C0013948 "An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully formed; in mammals, for example, a structure that exists only prior to the birth of the organism. This structure may be normal or abnormal. E.g.: Blastoderm; Fetal Heart; Neural Crest" (UMLS Semantic Network) "The anatomical parts that make up an organism in the early stages of development" (MeSH) C0040398 "Tomography using emissions from radionuclides and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image" (MeSH) C0242271 "Condition of employment including full- or part-time, temporary or permanent, and unemployment" (Psychological Index Terms) C0242271 "Condition of employment including full- or part-time, temporary or permanent, and unemployment" (Psychological Index Terms) 0 C0806020 "The calendar date on which an activity is terminated or completed" (NCI Thesaurus) C1522314 "The point in time at which an event ceases" (NCI Thesaurus) C0014098 "Surgical excision, performed under general anesthesia, of the atheromatous tunica intima of an artery. When reconstruction of an artery is performed as an endovascular procedure through a catheter, it is called ATHERECTOMY" (MeSH) C0225336 "Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer" (MeSH) R.P. Some examples of Endothelial Functions: - Vasodilation (production of NO, which has a dilating effect on smooth muscle cells) - Blood Clotting (involved in thrombosis and fibrinolysis) - Inflammation (e.g. adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells) - Barrier function, filtration - Angiogenesis (production of angiogenetic factors) TODO: Definition/ more specific description of endothelial function(s) + decreased/increased C0014261 "Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components from interstitium to lumen; this function has been most intensively studied in the blood capillaries" (MeSH) C1179025 C0411282 "Endovascular therapy is a minimally invasive procedure that accesses the treatment area from within the blood vessel" (www.brainaneurysm.com) CRIM: endovascular aneurysm treatment "In the case of aneurysms, this treatment is called coil embolization, or "coiling".  In contrast to surgery, endovascular coiling does not require open surgery. Instead, physicians use real-time X-ray technology, called fluoroscopic imaging, to visualize the patient's vascular system and treat the disease from inside the blood vessel" (www.brainaneurysm.com) C0264733 C0014442 "Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified" (MeSH) C1152521 GO:0030234 Enzyme Regulator Activity "Modulates the activity of an enzyme" [source: GOC:mah] C1516895 "Synthetic mixture of enzymes used to replace particular, essential enzymes to treat enzyme deficiency" (NCI Thesaurus) C0014501 "Events, characteristics, or other definable entities that have the potential to bring about a change in a health condition or other defined outcome" (MeSH) C0014503 "Epidemiological methods involve sophisticated statistics and higher mathematics. These methods allow epidemiologists to address issues like non-experimental studies of mechanistic questions in disease etiology, including studies of the impact of the social position of individuals in different social contexts" (NCI Thesaurus) TODO: classified as both a Quantitative_Quality (= physical-quality) + temporal-quality, but those are disjoint C0002783 "The study of factors determining and influencing the frequency and distribution of disease, injury, and other health related events and their causes in a defined human population" (CSP2000) (NCI Thesaurus) C0699910 "Study of factors determining and influencing the frequency and distribution of disease, injury, and other health related events and their causes in a defined human population" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0238154 "Accumulation of blood in the cranial epidural space due to rupture of the middle meningeal artery or rarely the meningeal vein, often associated with a temporal or parietal bone fracture. The hematoma tends to expand rapidly, compressing the dura and underlying brain. Clinical features include the acute or subacute onset of HEADACHE; VOMITING; alterations of mentation, and HEMIPARESIS. The natural history of the process is progression to COMA and eventually DEATH (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p885)" (MeSH) C0014537 "Space between the dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal" MeSH C0014544 "Brain disorder characterized by recurring excessive neuronal discharge, exhibited by transient episodes of motor, sensory, or psychic dysfunction, with or without unconsciousness or convulsive movements" (CRISP Thesaurus) TODO: Definition C0014544 "Epileptic attack/fit/seizure" - The @neurIST ontology distinguishes disease "epilepsy" and epileptic seizure, while UMLS has one concept for both Seizure: "An abnormal electrical discharge in the brain" (Merriam-Webster online) C0038220 "A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity" (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30) (MeSH) C0014609 "Tissue, which consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells and a basement membrane; it covers the external surface of the body and lines the internal surfaces of the anatomical structures. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium" (Digital Anatomist) C0014651 C0014716 C0014792 "Red blood cells; mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0014908 C0239304 "Denotes the inhabitants of Ethiopia, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0015031 "A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1549433 "Ethnic religion similarly refers to the religious practices particular to a certain ethnicity" (Wikipedia) C0015031 "An ethnic quality or affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties" (WordNet 3.0) C0015031 Ethnicity: "an ethnic quality or affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties" (WordNet 3.0) C1514229 "(Population attributable risk) The proportion of all cases of a disease that are attributable to an exposure or risk. This is the proportion of the disease in the population that would be eliminated if that exposure were eliminated or prevented" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0015176 C0521277 C1261322 In the sense of "assessment procedure" "The act or process of a systematic and thorough examination; research, study; the process of inquiring into or following up, intended to develop facts" (NCI Thesaurus) C0554771 Questionnaire: "excessive" : >5cups/day [Risk: Isaksen et al 2002/CRIM] C0728940 "Removal or excision by surgical measures" (NCI Thesaurus) C0195960 C0395722 C0681814 "The hallmark of the experimental study is that the allocation or assignment of individuals is under control of investigator and thus can be randomized. The key is that the investigator controls the assignment of the exposure or of the treatment but otherwise symmetry of potential unknown confounders is maintained through randomization. Properly executed experimental studies provide the strongest empirical evidence. The randomization also provides a better foundation for statistical procedures than do observational studies" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0439795 "Large or extensive in breadth or importance or comprehensiveness" (Wordnet 3.0, adapted) C0439795 "Large or extensive in breadth or importance or comprehensiveness" (Wordnet 3.0, adapted) C1305386 "Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the exterior of the head, the face, and the greater part of the neck" (MeSH) C0015350 "Body substance which consists of ground substance and connective tissue fibers" (Digital Anatomist) "A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as in plants)" [GO:mah] (Gene Ontology) C1517052 "Extracellular Matrix Degradation consists of conjugation, transport, oxidation, and/or proteolysis of the supporting meshwork-like network of fibers and substances in the extracellular space or basement membrane to which cells adhere and that promotes cell proliferation. Extracellular Matrix is broken down during normal physiological and disease processes such as bone remodeling, embryogenesis, cancer, and arthritis" (NCI Thesaurus) "Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood" (MeSH, adapted) 2160@ENTREZGENE coagulation factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) 2161@ENTREZGENE coagulation factor XII (Hageman factor) 2147@ENTREZGENE coagulation factor II (thrombin) 2152@ENTREZGENE coagulation factor III (thromboplastin, tissue factor) 2157@ENTREZGENE coagulation factor VIII, procoagulant component (hemophilia A) P03951@SWISSPROT Coagulation factor XI [Precursor] P00748@SWISSPROT coagulation factor XII [Precursor] P00451@SWISSPROT Coagulation factor VIII [Precursor] 2200@ENTREZGENE fibrillin 1 P35555@SWISSPROT Fibrillin-1 [Precursor] 2201@ENTREZGENE fibrillin 2 (congenital contractural arachnodactyly) P35556@SWISSPROT Fibrillin-2 [Precursor] 2245@ENTREZGENE FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 1 (faciogenital dysplasia) P98174@SWISSPROT FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 1 2246@ENTREZGENE fibroblast growth factor 1 (acidic) P05230@SWISSPROT Heparin-binding growth factor 1 [Precursor] 2247@ENTREZGENE fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic) P09038@SWISSPROT Heparin-binding growth factor 2 [Precursor] 2261@ENTREZGENE fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (achondroplasia, thanatophoric dwarfism) P22607@SWISSPROT Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 [Precursor] 2321@ENTREZGENE fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor receptor) Q16595@SWISSPROT Frataxin, mitochondrial [Precursor] 2395@ENTREZGENE frataxin 2532@ENTREZGENE Duffy blood group, chemokine receptor C0015458 "A syndrome characterized by slowly progressive unilateral atrophy of facial subcutaneous fat, muscle tissue, skin, cartilage, and bone. The condition typically progresses over a period of 2-10 years and then stabilizes" (MeSH) C0015462 "Seventh cranial nerve; has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root, which together provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and salivary glands, and convey afferent information for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and for touch from the external ear" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0015541 C0231175 "Not successful; having failed or having an unfavorable outcome" (WordNet 3.0) C0349396 C0015576 "Group of individuals related by blood or marriage or other arrangements, including parents or parent substitutes and children, however, the specific members differ from culture to culture" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0241889 Positive Familial History "A record of a patient's background regarding health and disease events of blood relatives. A patients family medical history may be important in diagnosing existing conditions" (NCI Thesaurus) C0241889 Positive Familial History "A record of a patient's background regarding health and disease events of blood relatives. A patients family medical history may be important in diagnosing existing conditions" (NCI Thesaurus) C0221460 "A person who cultivates land or crops or raises animals (as livestock or fish)" (Merriam-Webster online) C1546503 "A male parent" (NCI Thesaurus) C1333602 C0282244 TODO: Definition C0015780 "An individual who reports belonging to the cultural gender role distinction of female" (NCI Thesaurus) --> "use in conjunction with a disease, disorder, dysfunction, body system, or function which is gender specific" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1179466 C0016052 "An idiopathic, segmental, nonatheromatous disease of the musculature of arterial walls, leading to stenosis of small and medium-sized arteries. Most commonly affected are the renal arteries; involvement of the axillary, iliac, basilar, carotid, hepatic and intracranial arteries have been reported" (MeSH) [Risk: Cloft et al 1998/CRIM] "Size of an image in cm3" C0016080 C1556097 "Denotes the inhabitants of Fiji, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C1556093 "A native or inhabitant of the Philippines" (WordNet 3.0) C1556093 "A native or inhabitant of the Philippines" (WordNet 3.0) C1556093 "A native or inhabitant of the Philippines" (WordNet 3.0) C0149692 Finance defined as "Management of available economic resources in relation to family needs including credit counseling, Assistance to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), and Medicaid" (Omaha System) C0016132 C1443235 "A word or group of words indicating a person's first (personal) name" (NCI Thesaurus) "The Fisher Grade classifies the appearance of subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT scan" (Wikipedia) Grade 1 = No hemorrhage evident Grade 2 = Subarachnoid hemorrhage less than 1 mm thick Grade 3 = Subarachnoid hemorrhage more than 1 mm thick Grade 4 = Subarachnoid hemorrhage of any thickness with intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or parenchymal extension "The Fisher Grade classifies the appearance of subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT scan" (Wikipedia) "The Fisher Grade classifies the appearance of subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT scan" (Wikipedia) C0335479 "Someone whose occupation is catching fish" (WordNet 3.0) "The act of someone who fishes as a diversion" (WordNet 3.0) C0228187 "A deep fissure of the lateral aspect of each cerebral hemisphere that divides the temporal from the parietal and frontal lobes" C1456706 C0806140 "The continuous movement characteristic of a liquid or gas" (NCI Thesaurus) Pattern: "A perceptual structure"; "A visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them" (Wordnet 3.0, adapted) C0806140 "The motion characteristic of fluids and gases; the amount of fluid that flows in a given time, e.g. through an body organ or part, expressed as volume per unit of time (called also flow rate)" (NCI Thesaurus) C0162461 C0086305 "Fluorescein angiography, or fluorescent angiography, is a technique for examining the circulation of the retina using the dye tracing method. It involves injection of sodium fluorescein into the systemic circulation, and then an angiogram is obtained by photographing the fluorescence emitted after illumination of the retina with blue light at a wavelength of 490 nanometers" "The amount of fluid that flows in a given time through a given area, expressed as volume per unit of time and per unit of area" (Volumetric flow rate, volumetric flux) C0746857 "A focal neurologic deficit is a problem in nerve function that affects: * A specific location -- such as the left face, right face, left arm, right arm, left leg, right leg, even just a small area such as just the tongue * A specific function -- for example, speech may be affected, but not the ability to write The problem occurs in the brain or nervous system. It may result in a loss of movement or sensation. The type, location, and severity of the change can indicate the area of the brain or nervous system that is affected" (medline plus) C0746857 C1522577 "Monitoring a person's health over time after treatment. This includes keeping track of the health of people who participate in a clinical study or clinical trial for a period of time, both during the study and after the study ends" (NCI Thesaurus) C0037393 "A game in which a round inflated ball is advanced by kicking or propelling with any part of the body except the hands or arms. The object of the game is to place the ball in opposite goals" (MeSH) C0441722 "(physics) the influence that produces a change in a physical quantity" (WordNet 3.0) TODO: Reclassification? - Is Force (Physics) an Endurant? Does it exist as an " independent essential whole"? Or is it a quality, inherent to entities? C0149556 "An irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space" (MeSH) C0016674 Francophone: "Of, having, or belonging to a population using French as its first or sometimes second language" (Merriam-Webster online) C1556084 "Denotes the inhabitants of France, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0016703 C0016704 C1517317 C0439603 "The number of occurrences of something within a given time period" (NCI Thesaurus) C0439603 "The number of occurrences of something within a given time period" (NCI Thesaurus) C0521132 C0016733 "Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border" (FMA) "Surgical removal of the frontal lobe" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) C0337832 "A member of a pastoral and nomadic people of western Africa; they are traditionally cattle herders of Muslim faith" (WordNet 3.0) C1553424 "Employment in which the employee is expected to work at least a standard work week (defined by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics as 35-44 hours per week)" (HL7 Version 3.0) C1254346 "An anatomical structure in a fully formed organism; in mammals, for example, a structure in the body after the birth of the organism" (UMLS Semantic Network) C0542341 "The normal action performed by a structure or device" (NCI Thesaurus) TODO: Reclassification? - Is Function an Endurant? Does it exist as an " independent essential whole"? Or is it a quality, inherent to entities? C0451172 "The FIM is an 18-item, seven level ordinal scale. It is the product of an effort to resolve the long standing problem of lack of uniform measurement and data on disability and rehabilitation outcomes" (www.birf.info) C0451172 "The FIM (Functional independence measure) is an 18-item, seven level ordinal scale. It is the product of an effort to resolve the long standing problem of lack of uniform measurement and data on disability and rehabilitation outcomes" (www.birf.info). Seven levels decribe the degree of dependence regarding self care (feeding, bathing dressing etc), mobility, communication and cognition. C0451172 "The FIM is an 18-item, seven level ordinal scale. It is the product of an effort to resolve the long standing problem of lack of uniform measurement and data on disability and rehabilitation outcomes" (www.birf.info) C0332493 "Tapering at each end; spindle-shaped" (Wordnet 3.0, adapted) C0333099 "Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS" (MeSH) Fusiform with a dissection of the arterial wall. A dissection arises from a tearing of the intima and partially of the media; due to the high pressure in the arterial system blood spreads out between media and adventitia and a false lumen arises. TODO: Check definiton of "dissecting" Fusiform with an intact inner arterial wall TODO: Definition of "transitional" TODO: Check disjoint. The values Dissecting/non-dissecting are disjoint. How about the other siblings? Is it possible that a fusiform aneurysm is dissecting AND transitional? 2548@ENTREZGENE glucosidase, alpha; acid (Pompe disease, glycogen storage disease type II) GCS >= 13 GCS 9 - 12 Comatose; GCS <= 8 2670@ENTREZGENE glial fibrillary acidic protein P14136@SWISSPROT Glial fibrillary acidic protein, astrocyte 2694@ENTREZGENE gastric intrinsic factor (vitamin B synthesis) 56287@ENTREZGENE gastrokine 1 Q9NS71@SWISSPROT Gastrokine-1 [Precursor] 2796@ENTREZGENE gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (luteinizing-releasing hormone) P01148@SWISSPROT Progonadoliberin-1 [Precursor] 10750@ENTREZGENE GRB2-related adaptor protein Q13588@SWISSPROT GRB2-related adapter protein C0016910 C0016993 GO:0030528 Transcription Regulator Activity "Plays a role in regulating transcription; may bind a promoter or enhancer DNA sequence or interact with a DNA-binding transcription factor" [source: GOC:mah] "Plays a role in regulating transcription; may bind a promoter or enhancer DNA sequence or interact with a DNA-binding transcription factor" (GO)) C0017319 "Those physicians who have completed the education requirements specified by the American Academy of Family Physicians" (MeSH) C0019247 "general term for any disorder caused by a genetic mechanism, comprising chromosome aberrations or anomalies, mendelian or monogenic or single-gene disorders, and multifactorial disorders; note that all genetic disorders are not treed under this term; see RTs for others; in addition, many disorders not treed here or under RTs may have a genetic component" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0314657 "A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions" (MeSH) C0152321 C0017446 "A geographic location, generally having definite boundaries; e.g.: Americas; Arctic Regions; Baltimore; Canada; Far East" (UMLS Semantic Network) TODO: Classification? More adequate class descriptor/CUI? C0017446 is for a physical region; this class however is intended for "geographical" attributes, e.g the country of birth of a patient. C0017446 "A geographic location, generally having definite boundaries; e.g.: Americas; Arctic Regions; Baltimore; Canada; Far East" (UMLS Semantic Network) C1556085 "Denotes the inhabitants of Germany, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0017480 C0017504 "The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization" (MeSH) C0017516 "Having extremely large size, proportion, or power" (Merriam-Webster online) Diameter of aneurysm more than 10 mm C0039483 "A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed)" (MeSH) C0017540 C0017550 C0017594 "A scale that assesses the response to stimuli in patients with craniocerebral injuries. The parameters are eye opening, motor response, and verbal response" (MeSH) C0017594 "A scale that assesses the response to stimuli in patients with craniocerebral injuries. The parameters are eye opening, motor response, and verbal response" (MeSH) C0017594 "A scale that assesses the response to stimuli in patients with craniocerebral injuries. The parameters are eye opening, motor response, and verbal response" (MeSH) TODO: 13 Classes for all possible values? or Ranges for "Severe" (= Coma), with GCS ≤ 8, "Moderate", GCS 9 - 12, and "Minor", GCS ≥ 13 C0701887 "A scale that assesses the outcome of serious craniocerebral injuries, based on the level of regained social functioning." (MeSH) C0017679 "The 9th cranial nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve; it conveys somatic and autonomic efferents as well as general, special, and visceral afferents. Among the connections are motor fibers to the stylopharyngeus muscle, parasympathetic fibers to the parotid glands, general and taste afferents from the posterior third of the tongue, the nasopharynx, and the palate, and afferents from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors of the carotid sinus" (MeSH) C0428548 C0337438 "A quantitative measurement of the amount of glucose present in a (blood) sample" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) C0018041 "A game whose object is to sink a ball into each of 9 or 18 successive holes on a golf course using as few strokes as possible" (MeSH) Good: "Having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified" (WordNet 3.0) Gorontalo: "A province of Indonesia on the northern part of Sulawesi island" (Wikipedia) C1546506 "Parent of one's mother or father; a grandmother or grandfather" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0018226 C0337806 "A native or inhabitant of modern or ancient Greece or a person of Greek descent" (Merriam-Webster online) C0018232 C0018270 "An increase in some quantity over time" (Watton, general definition) Here: "The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell" [FB:bf, FB:ma] (Gene Ontology) C0018301 C0018309 C0018370 C0018387 C0018381 "A native or inhabitant of Guinea" (WordNet 3.0) C0018408 C0018422 "Ethnic group originating in India and entering Europe in the 14th or 15th century" (MeSH) C0152300 "The portion of the frontal lobe medial to the medial orbital gyrus is named the gyrus rectus (or straight gyrus), and is continuous with the superior frontal gyrus on the medial surface" (Wikipedia) C0228178 "A convex fold or elevation in the surface of the brain" (WordNet 3.0) 3033@ENTREZGENE hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase 9464@ENTREZGENE heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 P61296@SWISSPROT Heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 2 3043@ENTREZGENE hemoglobin, beta P68871@SWISSPROT Hemoglobin subunit beta 3046@ENTREZGENE hemoglobin, epsilon 1 P02100@SWISSPROT Hemoglobin subunit epsilon 3047@ENTREZGENE hemoglobin, gamma A P69891@SWISSPROT Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 3048@ENTREZGENE hemoglobin, gamma G P69892@SWISSPROT Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 Q16836@SWISSPROT Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [Precursor] 3073@ENTREZGENE hexosaminidase A (alpha polypeptide) P06865@SWISSPROT Beta-hexosaminidase alpha chain [Precursor] C0019693 "Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)" (MeSH) [Risk: Bulsara et al 2005/D18] 8091@ENTREZGENE high mobility group AT-hook 2 P52926@SWISSPROT High mobility group protein HMGI-C 3162@ENTREZGENE heme oxygenase (decycling) 1 P09601@SWISSPROT Heme oxygenase 1 P00738@SWISSPROT Haptoglobin [Precursor] 3240@ENTREZGENE haptoglobin 3265@ENTREZGENE v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog C0018510 C0023114 "Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot" (MeSH) C0023114 "Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot" (MeSH) C1254354 Hazardous substance: "Substances which, upon release into the atmosphere, water, or soil, or which, in direct contact with the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes, or as a food additive, cause health risks to humans or animals through absorption, inhalation, or ingestion" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0018674 "Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage" (MeSH) C0018681 "Pain in the cranial region that may occur as an isolated and benign symptom or as a manifestation of a wide variety of conditions" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0086388 "The actions of prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical and allied health professions" (NCI Thesaurus) C0018724 "Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation" (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976) (MeSH) C1512358 C1384666 "A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears" (MeSH) C0018799 "Impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning of the heart" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0018810 "Number of times the heart ventricles contract per unit of time" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0018824 "Diseases caused by or resulting in abnormal functioning of heart valves" (MeSH) C0489786 "The vertical measurement or distance from the base to the top of an object; the vertical dimension of extension" (NCI Thesaurus) C0518014 "The percent of the volume of whole blood that is composed of red blood cells as determined by separation of red blood cells from the plasma usually by centrifugation <a hematocrit ranging from 42% to 52% in males and 35% to 47% in females is typically considered normal> -- called also packed cell volume" (Merriam Websters Medical Dictionary) C0200627 "Tests used in the analysis of the hemic system" (MeSH) C0200627 "Laboratory procedures dealing with the blood" C0018944 "An extravasation of blood localized in an organ, space, or tissue" (MeSH) C0841234 C0150088 "Lack of awareness and attention to one side of the body" (Classification of Nursing Diagnoses) C0018979 "Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field(s) of one or both eyes. Subtypes include altitudinal hemianopsia, characterized by a visual defect above or below the horizontal meridian of the visual field. Homonymous hemianopsia refers to a visual defect that affects both eyes equally, and occurs either to the left or right of the midline of the visual field. Binasal hemianopsia consists of loss of vision in the nasal hemifields of both eyes. Bitemporal hemianopsia is the bilateral loss of vision in the temporal fields. Quadrantanopsia refers to loss of vision in one quarter of the visual field in one or both eyes" (MeSH) C0018989 "Muscular weakness or partial paralysis restricted to one side of the body" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0019009 "Reduction of blood viscosity usually by the addition of cell free solutions. Used clinically (1) in states of impaired microcirculation, (2) for replacement of intraoperative blood loss without homologous blood transfusion, and (3) in cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia" (MeSH) C0204901 C0019046 "Oxygen carrying pigment of the erythrocytes; a complex protein composed of four heme groups and four globin polypeptide chains" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1561562 UMLS: Hemoglobin finding; Questionnaire: Hemoglobin C0019080 "Escape of blood from the vessels; bleeding" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0333549 "An infarct that is red because of the infiltration of blood from collateral vessels into the necrotic area. Also called red infarct" (medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com) C0553692 "Hemorrhagic stroke involves bleeding within the brain, which damages nearby brain tissue" (medline plus) C0019158 "Inflammation of the liver and liver disease involving degenerative or necrotic alterations of hepatocytes" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0039445 "An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by the presence of multiple small telangiectases of the skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs, associated with recurrent episodes of bleeding from affected sites and gross or occult melena. (Dorland, 27th ed)" (MeSH) C0020538 Hypertension: "Hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more" (MeSH) TODO: participant --> which artery? C0151740 C0332167 "Risk is greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) C0019550 "A complex body of social, cultural, and religious beliefs and practices evolved in and largely confined to the Indian subcontinent and marked by a caste system, an outlook tending to view all forms and theories as aspects of one eternal being and truth, and the practice of the way of works, the way of knowledge, or the way of devotion as a means of release from the round of rebirths" C0019576 "A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American or other western hemisphere Hispanic culture or origin, regardless of race; index NTs instead where possible; for inhabitants of countries outside the United States of America index geographical region as well" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0019880 "Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of cystathionine beta-synthase and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine; clinical features include a tall, slender habitus, scoliosis, arachnodactyly, muscle weakness, genu varis, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of mental retardation, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by cerebrovascular accidents and myocardial infarction" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0019905 C0019907 C0282402 "State of therapeutic use of hormones to alleviate the effects of hormone deficiency" (MeSH) "State of administration of Hormones (estrogen, progesterone, or both) to postmenopausal women or women who have had their ovaries surgically removed, to replace the estrogen no longer produced by the ovaries" (NCI Thesaurus) [Risk: Feigin et al 2005/CRIM] C1287355 C0282402 "Therapeutic use of hormones to alleviate the effects of hormone deficiency" (MeSH) C0304718 C0336962 "The sport of siting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements" (WordNet 3.0) C0557163 "The total income of all members of a household" C0557163 "The total income of all members of a household" Stratification for Europe, Switzerland and UK (from Questionnaire) "Unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope" (WordNet 3.0) C0086418 "Members of the species Homo sapiens" (MeSH) C1519021 "The distinguishing qualities or prominent aspects of an individual person" (NCI Thesaurus) C1519021 "The distinguishing qualities or prominent aspects of an individual person" (NCI Thesaurus) Human properties influencing the arterial geometry: "The physical dimensions of an artery, e.g. length, diameter, radius, wall thickness, are dependent on its locations within the body the and species it is from. The geometric parameters are also dependent on height, weight, age and sex of an individual. " (P.Watton) C0337807 "A native or inhabitant of Hungary or a person of Hungarian descent" (Merriam-Webster online) C0020174 "The Hunt and Hess scale is used to classify the severity of a subarachnoid hemorrhage" (Wikipedia) "Asymptomatic of minimal headache and slight nuchal rigidity" "Moderate to severe headache, nuchal rigidity, no neurological deficit other than cranial nerve palsy" "Drowsiness, confusion, or mild focal deficit" "Stupor, moderate to severe hemiparesis, possible early decerebrate ridigity and vegetative disturbance" "Deep coma, decerebrate ridigity, moribund appearance" "The Hunt and Hess scale is used to classify the severity of a subarachnoid hemorrhage" (Wikipedia) "The Hunt and Hess scale is used to classify the severity of a subarachnoid hemorrhage" (Wikipedia) C0020255 "Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be a congenital or acquired disorder; hydrocephalus ex-vacuo refers to ventricular dilation that occurs as a result of brain substance loss from cerebral infarction and other conditions" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0020309 "Pressure at any level on a fluid at rest due the weight of the fluid above it" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0020309 "Pressure at any level on a fluid at rest due the weight of the fluid above it" (CRISP Thesaurus) TODO: Define Increased, decreased, normal for hydrostatic pressure of blood C0360714 "Compounds that inhibit HMG-CoA reductases. They have been shown to directly lower cholesterol synthesis" (MeSH) C0151436 "Heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a vasculitic syndrome presumed to be associated with a hypersensitivity reaction following exposure to an antigen such as an infectious agent, a drug, or other foreign or endogenous substance (Wilson et al, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1459)" (MeSH) C0020538 "Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more" (MeSH) [Risk: 1.Feigin et al 2005/CRIM; 2.Rinkel 2005/CRIM] C1704628 "A condition that manifests with abnormally high body temperature. In hyperthermic state, the hypothalamic set-point is normal but body temperature increases and overrides the ability to lose heat, resulting from exogenous heat exposure or endogenous heat production, e.g. in heat stroke, malignant hyperthermia, endocrine hyperthermia, or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The concept does not refer to hyperpyrexia, the state when the hypothalamic set-point is reset at a higher temperature and is physiologically regulated" (NCI Thesaurus) C1704628 "A condition that manifests with abnormally high body temperature. In hyperthermic state, the hypothalamic set-point is normal but body temperature increases and overrides the ability to lose heat, resulting from exogenous heat exposure or endogenous heat production, e.g. in heat stroke, malignant hyperthermia, endocrine hyperthermia, or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The concept does not refer to hyperpyrexia, the state when the hypothalamic set-point is reset at a higher temperature and is physiologically regulated" (NCI Thesaurus) C0036085 "Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water)" (MeSH) C0020578 "A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide" (MeSH) "A basic definition is that hypocoagulation is an insufficiency of the blood to clot and stem bleeding properly. This disease process can result from several causes, commonly related to the blood's platelet numbers and activity" (WikiAnswers) [Risk: Schilling et al 2004/CRIM] C0020614 "The 12th cranial nerve. The hypoglossal nerve originates in the hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla and supplies motor innervation to all of the muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (which is supplied by the vagus). This nerve also contains proprioceptive afferents from the tongue muscles" (MeSH) C0442856 "Decreased blood flow through an organ" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0020635 "Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, somatotropin; and corticotropin); may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory pituitary neoplasms, metastatic tumors, infarction, pituitary apoplexy, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0020672 "Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals; in man usually accidental or unintentional" (MeSH) C0020672 "Subnormal body temperature" (WordNet 3.0) C0150255 Q16270@SWISSPROT Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 [Precursor] P20810@SWISSPROT Calpastatin 3383@ENTREZGENE ntercellular adhesion molecule 1 (CD54), human rhinovirus receptor P05362@SWISSPROT Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [Precursor] 8100@ENTREZGENE intraflagellar transport 88 homolog (Chlamydomonas) Q13099@SWISSPROT Intraflagellar transport 88 homolog P27352@SWISSPROT Gastric intrinsic factor [Precursor] P01343@SWISSPROT Insulin-like growth factor IA [Precursor] P05019@SWISSPROT Insulin-like growth factor IB [Precursor] 3479@ENTREZGENE insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C) 3490@ENTREZGENE insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 Q8N126@SWISSPROT Immunoglobulin superfamily member 4B [Precursor] 8517@ENTREZGENE inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase gamma 3586@ENTREZGENE interleukin 10 P22301@SWISSPROT Interleukin-10 [Precursor] 3606@ENTREZGENE interleukin 18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor) Q14116@SWISSPROT Interleukin-18 [Precursor] 3552@ENTREZGENE interleukin 1, alpha P01583@SWISSPROT Interleukin-1 alpha [Precursor] 3553@ENTREZGENE interleukin 1, beta P01584@SWISSPROT Interleukin-1 beta [Precursor] 9173@ENTREZGENE interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 11009@ENTREZGENE interleukin 24 Q13007@SWISSPROT Interleukin-24 3562@ENTREZGENE interleukin 3 (colony-stimulating factor, multiple) P08700@SWISSPROT Interleukin-3 [Precursor] 3569@ENTREZGENE interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) P05231@SWISSPROT Interleukin-6 [Precursor] 3576@ENTREZGENE interleukin 8 P10145@SWISSPROT Interleukin-8 [Precursor] Q01638@SWISSPROT Interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 [Precursor] C0020750 TODO: Definition C1704640 "(mathematics) a rectangular array of numbers set out by rows and columns; treated as a single element and manipulated according to rules" (Wordnet 3.0, adapted) C1706463 "The number of voxels per mm3; the greater the resolution, the better the picture" (Wordnet 3.0, adapted) C0021081 "Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action; cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis; others may act through activation of suppressor T-cell populations or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0184511 "Become or made better in quality" (WordNet 3.0) C0021141 "A syndrome characterized by abnormal secretion of antidiuretic hormone in conjunction with neoplastic growth occurring anywhere in the body" (NCI Thesaurus) C0424101 UMLS : Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction "to fail to pay attention to" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0021149 "The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time" (MeSH) C0205217 "Significant change up (quantitative observations, does not imply B or W)" (HL7 Version 3.0) R.P. R.P. R.P. Secretion by vascular smooth muscles C0021201 C0021247 "Time between exposure to a specific risk factor and the initiation of the disease. Generally the longer the induction period, the more difficult is the assessment of the association between the risk factor(s) and the disease and thus the evaluation of causality" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0226167 "A small branch of the cavernous part of the internal carotid to the hypophysis" (Cancerweb OMD) "The amount of fluid that flows in a given time into a body organ or part, expressed as volume per unit of time" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) "The inwards momentum blood flux" "An information encoding system is a description that involves information objects. They can be divided into 1) axiomatic systems, which provide roles and operations to define formal descriptions (e.g. theories), 2) combinatorial systems, which provide roles and operations to create valid information objects (e.g. grammars), 3) classification systems, which are contexts of (ev. ordered) lists of information objects, and 4) informal encoding systems, which provide roles and operations to define informal descriptions (e.g. narratives)" (DOLCE) "Method of putting fluids, including drugs, in this case hypertonic saline solution, into the bloodstream. Also called intravenous infusion" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) "Method of putting fluids, including drugs, in this case mannitol, into the bloodstream. Also called intravenous infusion" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) C1659157 R.P. GO:C1150095 Protease inhibitor activity "Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate, frequency or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein" [GO:curators] C0021469 "The interference with or prevention of an action or response even though the stimulus for that action or response is present" (NCI Thesaurus) C0175677 "Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity" (CRISP Thesaurus) Boundary of the vascular model: Inflow (volume) C0304509 "An agent which alters the force or energy of muscular contractions" C1947912 "The state of being complete or undivided, of being sound or undamaged" (NCI Thesaurus) C0085559 "Advanced and highly specialized care provided to medical or surgical patients whose conditions are life-threatening and require comprehensive care and constant monitoring; it is usually administered in specially equipped units of a hospital" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1136108 "Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal" (MeSH) "Proteins or peptides that participate in signal transduction processes in the cell" (NCI Thesaurus) "Filaments 7-11 nm in diameter found in the cytoplasm of all cells. Many specific proteins belong to this group, e.g., desmin, vimentin, prekeratin, decamin, skeletin, neurofilin, neurofilament protein, and glial fibrillary acid protein" (MeSH) C1305387 "Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and its appendages, the forehead and nose" (MeSH) TODO: Relation to Branches ACA, MCA, Cerebral_ICA - and carotid bifurcation? C0264967 C0525032 "System established by the World Health Organization and the International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis for monitoring and reporting blood coagulation tests. Under this system, results are standardized using the International Sensitivity Index for the particular test reagent/instrument combination used" (MeSH) C1293117 Administration of therapeutic substance into artery "Administration of Nimodipine into artery" "Administration of ReoPro into artery" C1335962 "Iroteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors" (MeSH) C0021870 "Bleeding within the brain. Diagnosis is usually by MRI or CAT scan. Treatment is by surgery" (www.medterms.com) C0007784 "Bleeding or escape of blood into a cerebral hemisphere of the brain, including lobar, subcortical white matter, and basal ganglia hemorrhages" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0007766 "Congenital or acquired abnormal outpouching of an intracranial blood vessel wall. Saccular (berry) aneurysms are the most common variant, and tend to form at arterial branch points near the base of the brain. Rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (>2.5 cm in diameter) may compress adjacent structures, including the OCULOMOTOR NERVE (see also OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES)" (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p841) (MeSH) Possible intracranial aneurysm locations: Arteries and Artery Segments (CRIM) Possible intracranial aneurysm locations: Arteries and Artery Segments (CRIM) C0007766 "Condition of bearing a [Congenital or acquired abnormal outpouching of an intracranial blood vessel wall....(Mesh)]" (SH) TODO: Relation to possible Location (<=>"Artery of brain" class) C0007772 "Congenital vascular anomalies of the brain characterized by tangles of thin walled arteries which communicate directly with veins without intervening capillaries..." (MeSH) C0005136 "An intracranial berry aneurysm, also known as a saccular aneurysm, is a sac-like outpouching in a cerebral blood vessel, which can seem berry-shaped, hence the name" (Wikipedia) C0751004 "A giant intracranial aneurysm is defined as one larger than 2.5 cm in diameter" (neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu) C0751004 C0596793 "Extravasation of blood localized within the cranial vault frequently induced by penetrating and nonpenetrating traumatic injuries" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0151699 "Bleeding within the intracranial cavity, including hemorrhages in the brain and within the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces" (MeSH) C0151740 "Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders" (MeSH) C0581296 C0270614 "Intracranial space occupying lesions are tumors or abscesses present within the cranium or skull" Calculation of intracranial mass volume as performed in @neurIST: volume is approximate according to ((max diameter in antero-posterior axis) x (max diameter in rostro-caudal axis) x (max diameter in lateral axis))/2 (P.Bijlenga) TODO: Relation to Mass_Effect? C0021880 "Pressure within the cranial cavity, influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and skull rigidity" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0021880 "Pressure within the cranial cavity, influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and skull rigidity" (CRISP Thesaurus) TODO: Define high / low / normal intracranial pressure C0394240 C0459922 C1096063 "Epilepsy not adequately controlled by medication" (Online Medical Dictionary by cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk) TODO: Delete? Only term "Intractable_Epileptic_Crisis" necessary? C0431593 Biliary Atresia: "Absence or underdevelopment of the bile ducts" (Merriam Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0240059 "Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is bleeding inside or around the ventricles, the spaces in the brain containing the cerebral spinal fluid" (www.healthline.com) C0086484 "Inuktitut-speakers generally associated with the northern polar region" (MeSH) "Area over which blood flux is inwards at instant of peak flux" TODO: subclass of "Neck_Area"? C0022065 C1553355 "A person from Iran or of that ancestry." (NCI Thesaurus) C0022066 C0022067 C0022116 "Blood deficiency in an organ or tissue caused by a constriction or obstruction of its blood vessels" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0007786 "Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION" (MeSH) TODO: Relation to Brain Infarction, Stroke C0948008 "Ischemic stroke occurs when an artery to the brain is blocked. The most common problem is narrowing of the arteries in the neck or head" (stroke center) C0022132 C0751878 "Inflammation of blood vessels within the central nervous system. Primary vasculitis is usually caused by autoimmune or idiopathic factors, while secondary vasculitis is caused by existing disease process. Clinical manifestations are highly variable but include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; behavioral alterations; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; and BRAIN INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp856-61)" (MeSH) C0022271 C0337810 "A native or inhabitant of Italy or a person of Italian descent" (Merriam-Webster online) C0022277 C0022326 182@ENTREZGENE jagged 1 (Alagille syndrome) P78504@SWISSPROT Jagged-1 [Precursor] C0022337 C0022341 C1556094 "Denotes the inhabitants of Japan, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0022372 "Members of a religious denomination founded in the United States during the late 19th century in which active evangelism is practiced, the imminent approach of the millennium is preached, and war and organized government authority in matters of conscience are strongly opposed (from American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed). Jehovah's Witnesses generally refuse blood transfusions and other blood-based treatments based on religious belief" (MeSH) C0454673 C0022389 "An ethnic group with historical ties to the land of ISRAEL and the religion of JUDAISM" (MeSH) C0022400 "Running at a low rate of speed. It can be done as a means of conditioning or for general health and well being" (MeSH) C0022418 C0022422 "The religion of the Jews characterized by belief in one God and in the mission of the Jews to teach the Fatherhood of God" P29622@SWISSPROT Kallistatin [Precursor] P06732@SWISSPROT Creatine kinase M-type P23276@SWISSPROT Kell blood group glycoprotein 3792@ENTREZGENE Kell blood group, metallo-endopeptidase 11275@ENTREZGENE kelch-like 2, Mayven (Drosophila) O95198@SWISSPROT Kelch-like protein 2 3818@ENTREZGENE kallikrein B, plasma (Fletcher factor) 1 P03952@SWISSPROT Plasma kallikrein [Precursor] Q15139@SWISSPROT Serine/threonine-protein kinase D1 "An African ethnic group living in Bornu state in northeastern Nigeria, southeast Niger, western Chad and northern Cameroon" (Wikipedia) C0022537 C0022558 C1556095 "Denotes the inhabitants of Korea, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0683978 "A member of a largely pastoral Islamic people who live in Kurdistan; the largest ethnic group without their own state" (WordNet 3.0) C0022804 C0022718 9215@ENTREZGENE like-glycosyltransferase O95461@SWISSPROT Glycosyltransferase-like protein LARGE1 O15270@SWISSPROT Serine palmitoyltransferase 2 3939@ENTREZGENE lactate dehydrogenase A P00338@SWISSPROT L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain 122042@ENTREZGENE relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 3984@ENTREZGENE LIM domain kinase 1 P53667@SWISSPROT LIM domain kinase 1 P09917@SWISSPROT Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase 4015@ENTREZGENE lysyl oxidase 4018@ENTREZGENE lipoprotein, Lp(a) 64101@ENTREZGENE leucine rich repeat containing 4 Q9HBW1@SWISSPROT Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 4 [Precursor] P10253@SWISSPROT Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase [Precursor] P14151@SWISSPROT L-selectin [Precursor] P16581@SWISSPROT E-selectin [Precursor] P16109@SWISSPROT P-selectin [Precursor] P28300@SWISSPROT Protein-lysine 6-oxidase [Precursor] C0022864 (Childbirth) "The repetitive uterine contraction during childbirth which is associated with the progressive dilation of the uterine cervix (CERVIX UTERI). Successful labor results in the expulsion of the FETUS and PLACENTA. Obstetric labor can be spontaneous or induced (LABOR, INDUCED)" (MeSH) [Risk: Feigin et al 2005/CRIM] C0237076 "Results of physiologic tests including urinalysis and blood work" (Omaha System) TODO: Classification. These are mainly => physical quantitative qualities. Classify Laboratory_Finding under Particular in Context, Qualities: e.g.Cholesterol_Concentration is_a Concentration, Platelet_Count is_a Number, Hematocrit is_a Proportion etc. C0022885 "A medical procedure that involves testing a sample of blood, urine, or other substance from the body. Tests can help determine a diagnosis, plan treatment, check to see if treatment is working, or monitor the disease over time" (NCI Thesaurus) C0333559 TODO: Definition Lampung: "A province of Indonesia, located on the southern tip of the island of Sumatra. The original inhabitant of Lampung is the "Lampung" tribe, who speak a distinct language from other people in Sumatra and have their own alphabet" (Wikipedia) C0037817 "Communication through a system of conventional vocal symbol" (MeSH) C0023015 "Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language; includes acquired and developmental disorders" (CRISP Thesaurus) "A member of a Buddhist people inhabiting the area of the Mekong River in Laos and Thailand and speaking the Lao language; related to the Thais" (WordNet 3.0) C0023034 C0549177 "Above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent" (WordNet 3.0) Diameter of aneurysm more than 10 mm [Risk: Rinkel 1998/D18; Morita 2005/D18] "Time between biologic onset of disease and disease detection (clinical - appearance of clinical signs or subclinical - positive diagnostic tests)" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0205093 "Situated at or extending to the side" (NCI Thesaurus) C1268982 "Cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM, and each communicates with the THIRD VENTRICLE by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses (CHOROID PLEXUS) of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle" (MeSH) C0332304 "Dominant use or manifestations of one side of the body versus the other" (NCI Thesaurus) C0332304 "Dominant use or manifestations of one side of the body versus the other" (NCI Thesaurus) C0023128 C0023190 C0205091 "Being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the west when facing north" (NCI Thesaurus) C0923937 C0923946 C1267289 C0923401 C0923403 C0923409 C0923760 C0934099 C0228176 "Left half of the cerebrum" C0226087 C1278586 C0934161 C0923942 C0234418 "Using the left hand habitually or more easily than the right" (Merriam-Webster online) C0457436 "Muscular weakness or partial paralysis restricted to the left side of the body" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online, adapted) C0923950 C1278590 C0230416 "The left lower extremity" C1267299 C0923930 C0925232 C0923266 C0923928 C0923615 C1267320 C0923810 C0923812 C0923407 C0934141 C1267375 C1269886 C0923105 C0923784 C0923935 C0923932 C0230330 "The left upper extremity" C0501623 C1267316 C0923730 C0923940 C1444754 "The linear extent in space from one end of something to the other end, or the extent of something from beginning to end" (NCI Thesaurus) C0228126 "The two innermost layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater" (NCI Thesaurus) C0023376 C0023516 "White blood cell, specifically a colorless cell with a nucleus, found in blood and lymph; leukocytes are capable of amoeboid movement; they can produce antibodies and move through the walls of vessels to migrate to sites of injury, where they isolate and destroy dead tissue, foreign protein and bacteria" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0441317 "Li or Hlai is a minority Chinese ethnic group. 94% of the Li live off the southern coast of mainland China on Hainan, where they are the largest minority ethnic group" (Wikipedia) C0023617 C0023634 C0023668 C0190555 Ligation: "The surgical process of tying up an anatomical channel (as a blood vessel)" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0394250 Ligation: "The surgical process of tying up an anatomical channel (as a blood vessel)" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) "Ligation of the artery giving origin to a given artery" (SH) TODO: Intracranial parent artery? Lindegaard-Index = blood flow velocity MCA / blood flow velocity ICA external (quotient) "An approximate theory to describe the elastic deformation of a body. It is valid for infinitesimal or ‘small’ deformations and assumes linear relationships between the components of stress and strain. Whilst valid for many engineering structures which are subject to large stresses but small strains, e.g. concrete, it may not be appropriate for soft tissues which undergo relatively large deformation." (Watton) TODO: Reclassification? "Child" of the property elasticity or a mathematical model to describe it? C0023879 C0683559 "A person who is a member of an unmarried couple, including same sex couples, living together in longstanding relationships, that are registered or unregistered" (NCI Thesaurus) C1281952 C0023928 "Surgical removal of a lobe of an organ" (NCI Thesaurus) "Bulge on the surface of an aneurysm, covering more than 25% of total aneurysm volume" C0206031 "A type of regression analysis used to predict whether or not something will happen. Most often used when the dependent variable is dichotomous or categorical" (Psychological Index Terms) C1388857 C0020649 Hypotension: - Male: Systolic Blood Pressure < 110 mmHg, Diastolic Blood Pressure < 60 mmHg - Female: Systolic Blood Pressure < 100mmHg, Diastolic Blood Pressure < 60 mmHg C0456892 C0332165 "Risk is less than normal in degree or intensity or amount" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) C0023216 "The region of the lower limb in animals, extending from the gluteal region to the FOOT, and including the BUTTOCKS; HIP; and LEG" (MeSH) C0196309 "Tapping of the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae for therapeutic purposes" (MeSH, adapted) C0024176 C0024307 "Destructive growth of lymph cells, usually involving the lungs, skin, kidneys, and central nervous system. Grades I and II are not considered cancerous, but grade III is considered a lymphoma" (NCI Thesaurus) 5598@ENTREZGENE mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 5599@ENTREZGENE mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 55016@ENTREZGENE membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 1 29969@ENTREZGENE MyoD family inhibitor domain containing P08183@SWISSPROT Multidrug resistance protein 1 P21439@SWISSPROT Multidrug resistance protein 3 4239@ENTREZGENE microfibrillar-associated protein 4 P55083@SWISSPROT Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 [Precursor] Q13164@SWISSPROT Mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 P45983@SWISSPROT Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 23209@ENTREZGENE megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1 Q15049@SWISSPROT Membrane protein MLC1 4307@ENTREZGENE microphthalamia with linear skin defects 4323@ENTREZGENE matrix metallopeptidase 14 (membrane-inserted) P50281@SWISSPROT Matrix metalloproteinase-14 [Precursor] 4313@ENTREZGENE matrix metallopeptidase 2 (gelatinase A, 72kDa gelatinase, 72kDa type IV collagenase) P08253@SWISSPROT 72 kDa type IV collagenase [Precursor] 4314@ENTREZGENE matrix metallopeptidase 3 (stromelysin 1, progelatinase) P08254@SWISSPROT Stromelysin-1 [Precursor] 4318@ENTREZGENE matrix metallopeptidase 9 (gelatinase B, 92kDa gelatinase, 92kDa type IV collagenase) P14780@SWISSPROT Matrix metalloproteinase-9 [Precursor] 50951@ENTREZGENE myxomatous mitral valve prolapse 1 4342@ENTREZGENE v-mos Moloney murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog P00540@SWISSPROT Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase mos Q92887@SWISSPROT Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1, Synonyme: ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 O15440@SWISSPROT Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5 O95255@SWISSPROT Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 931@ENTREZGENE membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 1 10903@ENTREZGENE myotubularin related protein 11 C0024403 C0206004 C0024443 "The Madurese are an ethnic group originally from the island of Madura but now found in many parts of Indonesia, where they are the third-largest ethnic group by population. Common features of most Madurese throughout the archipelago include Islamic religion and the use of the Madurese language" (Wikipedia) C0243032 "Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures" (MeSH) C0024485 "Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques" (MeSH) C0205164 context: major palsy (CRIM) "Greater or bigger in amount, extent, or size" (NCI Thesaurus) C0024548 C0337905 "A member of a people inhabiting the northern Malay Peninsula and Malaysia and parts of the western Malay Archipelago" (WordNet 3.0) C0024552 C0024553 C0024554 "A person who belongs to the sex that normally produces sperm" (NCI Thesaurus) "use in conjunction with a disease, disorder, dysfunction, body system, or function which is gender specific" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0024581 C0024653 "A physical object made by human beings. E.g.: Car Seats; Cooking and Eating Utensils; Bulldozer; Air freshener" (UMLS Semantic Network) C0870840 Manufacturing: "To make from raw materials by hand or by machinery" (Merriam-Webster online) C0024796 "A hereditary disorder of connective tissue characterized by tall stature, elongated extremities, subluxation of the lens, dilatation of the ascending aorta, and "pigeon breast." It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait" (MeSH) [Risk: Conway et al 1999/CRIM] Marginal: "Of questionable or minimal quality" (WordNet 3.0) C0024819 "A demographic parameter indicating a person's status with respect to marriage, divorce, widowhood, singleness, etc" (MeSH) C0024819 "A demographic parameter indicating a person's status with respect to marriage, divorce, widowhood, singleness, etc" (MeSH) C0555047 "A current marriage contract is active" C0024851 C0024853 C1868946 "Damage to the brain due the bulk of a tumour, the blockage of fluid or excess accumulation of fluid within the skull" C0700276 "A normal or pathological part of the anatomy or structural organization of an organism" (UMLS Semantic network) "Material physical anatomical entity which has inherent 3D shape; is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own structural genes; consists of parts that are anatomical structures; spatially related to one another in patterns determined by coordinated gene expression. Examples: heart, right ventricle, mitral valve, myocardium, endothelium, lymphocyte, fibroblast, thorax, cardiovascular system, hemoglobin, gene" (Digital Anatomist) "Mathematical representation of a system that attempts to explain the behavior of some aspect of it." (Watton) C0024943 C0024944 C0205289 "The greatest or most complete or best possible" (Wordnet 3.0) C0337876 "A member of an American Indian people of Yucatan and Belize and Guatemala who had a culture (which reached its peak between AD 300 and 900) characterized by outstanding architecture and pottery and astronomy" (WordNet 3.0) C0024974 "The mean age, also known as the average age, is obtained, in principle, by adding together the ages of all the people concerned and dividing by the number of people" C0428886 "The mean pressure of the blood within the arterial circulation. The arterial pressure may be directly measured by insertion of an intra-arterial catheter connected to a transducer. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) can be calculated by subsequent analysis of the waveform. MAP can be approximated without an invasive procedure using the following formula: diastolic pressure plus 1/3 of the pulse pressure, where pulse pressure is systolic pressure - diastolic pressure" (NCI Thesaurus) C0005824 "Actions performed to measure the diastolic and systolic pressure of the blood" (Home Health Care Classification) = Measurement of intraarterial blood pressure C0205098 C0025080 "Any instrument used in biomedical research or medical practice" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1704254 "Any record of a medical imaging event whether physical or electronic" (NCI Thesaurus) C0025102 "A chronological written account of a patient's examination and treatment that includes the patient's medical history and complaints, the physician's physical findings, the results of diagnostic tests and procedures, and medications and therapeutic procedures" (NCI Thesaurus) C0439536 "Mid-way between small and large in number, quantity, magnitude or extent" (NCI Thesaurus) C0332166 "Risk is around the middle of a scale of evaluation" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) C0424972 C0596901 "Tissue layer (a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants)" (WordNet 3.0) C0502331 "Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater" (Digital Anatomist) C0025283 "Arteries which supply the dura mater" (MeSH) C1180131 "A branch from the cavernous part of the internal carotid artery to the meninges of the anterior cranial fossa" (Cancerweb OMD) C1180133 "A branch from the cavernous part of the internal carotid artery to the meninges of the anterior cranial fossa." (Stedmans Online Medical Dictionary) C1180141 C1180139 C0025289 "Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (e.g., carcinomatous meningitis), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)" (MeSH) C0025285 "Three membranes covering of the brain and spinal cord; named the dura mater, pia mater and arachnoid" (CRISP Thesaurus) Combines DOLCE top level categories Mental Object and Social Object C0025663 "A description that contains a specification to do, realize, behave, etc" (DOLCE) "A way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)" (WordNet 3.0) C0025885 C1709016 "A piece of glass or plastic on which different samples have been affixed at separate locations in an ordered manner thus forming a microscopic array. The samples are usually DNA fragments but may also be antibodies, other proteins, or tissues." NCI Thesaurus C1449575 C0206056 "Technique which provides continuous direct concentration measurements of substances in the interstitial space of a tissue or organ without changing the tissue structure and metabolism" (CRISP Thesaurus) "Filaments which are composed primarily of actin and found in the cytoplasmic matrix of almost all cells. They are often associated with microtubules and may play a role in cytoskeletal function and/or mediate movement of the cell or the organelles within the cell" (MeSH) C1556099 "Denotes a person from any of the islands in the western pacific encompassing the area from the Philippines in the west, Indonesia to the south west, Papua New Guinea and Melanesia to the south, and Polynesia to the south-east and east" (NCI Thesaurus) C1269012 "The largest of the cerebral arteries. It trifurcates into temporal, frontal, and parietal branches supplying blood to most of the parenchyma of these lobes in the cerebral cortex. These are the areas involved in motor, sensory, and speech activities" (MeSH) TODO: Classification? Term from Questionnaire - to which artery/arteries does this term refer? C0923620 C1305582 "A butterfly-shaped portion of the internal base of the skull posterior to the sphenoidal ridges and limbus and anterior to the crests of the petrous part of the temporal bones and dorsum sellae; it lodges the temporal lobes of the brain in the lateral portions, and the hypophysis centrally" (biology-online.org) Note that FMA does not see the anterior cranial fossa as a part of the base of the skull (as this definition might imply) but as a part of the cranial cavity in which a certain part "of the brain rests". C0576481 C1547225 "Moderate in type or degree or effect or force; far from extreme" (WordNet 3.0) C0439200 "A unit of measure equaling one thousandth of a meter" (NCI Thesaurus) "The Minangkabau (Minang) people originate from the province of West Sumatera. Many of them have moved to other islands in Indonesia.The Rejang people primarily live in the province of Bengkulu. Most of the Rejang live on the cool mountain slopes of the Bukit Barisan mountain range" (www.joshuaproject.net) C0451306 "The mini-mental state examination, which is also known as the MMSE, standardized MMSE, SMMSE, or the Folstein, is a brief examination consisting of eleven questions intended to evaluate an adult patient's level of cognitive functioning" C1532985 "The mini-mental state examination, which is also known as the MMSE, standardized MMSE, SMMSE, or the Folstein, is a brief examination consisting of eleven questions intended to evaluate an adult patient's level of cognitive functioning" C1532985 "The mini-mental state examination, which is also known as the MMSE, standardized MMSE, SMMSE, or the Folstein, is a brief examination consisting of eleven questions intended to evaluate an adult patient's level of cognitive functioning" C0547040 "The least possible" (Wordnet 3.0) Minimal invasive therapy for aneurysm C0205165 context: minor palsy (CRIM) "Lesser or smaller in amount, extent, or size" (NCI Thesaurus) "A modal description is any part of a description that has a unity criterion consisting in the specification of a modal target (some course), and it can be a right, power, duty, etc. Notice that modal descriptions can appear in conventionalized descriptions as well as in idiosyncratic assessements, narratives, promises, etc. From the formal semantic viewpoint, a modal description is the reification of a relation involving a modal logic operator" (DOLCE) C0026339 "A hypothetical description of a complex entity or process" (WordNet 3.0) "Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment" (MeSH) C1547226 "Being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme" (WordNet 3.0) C0451405 Score based on Rankein activities of daily living scale C0451405 " The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a commonly used scale for measuring the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities of people who have suffered a stroke. It was originally introduced in 1957 by Rankin,[1] and modified by Lindley et al in 1994." (wikipedia) C0451405 Score based on Rankein activities of daily living scale C0026374 C0243041 "A family of cellular proteins that mediate the correct assembly or disassembly of other polypeptides, and in some cases their assembly into oligomeric structures, but which are not components of those final structures. It is believed that chaperone proteins assist polypeptides to self-assemble by inhibiting alternative assembly pathways that produce nonfunctional structures. Some classes of molecular chaperones are the nucleoplasmins, the CHAPERONINS, the HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS 70, and the HSP90 HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS" (MeSH) C1321502 GO:0003774 Motor Activity "Catalysis of movement along a polymeric molecule such as a microfilament or microtubule, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate" [source: GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] C1152949 GO:0005215 Transporter Activity "Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells" [source: GOC:ai, GOC:df] Khmer: "A native or inhabitant of Cambodia"; Mon: "A member of a Buddhist people living in Myanmar and adjacent parts of Thailand" (WordNet 3.0) C0026405 C0026410 C1709065 "A person from Mongolia or of that ancestry" (NCI Thesaurus) C0150369 "Systematic observation or recording of events, processes, or individuals" (Psychological Index Terms) C0278387 C0394279 C0332177 "Occurring once a month" (WordNet 3.0) C0026514 C0026538 "The proportion of patients with a particular disease during a given year per given unit of population" (MeSH) C0026544 C0019010 Hemodynamics: "Study of the movements of the blood and of the forces concerned therein" (CRISP Thesaurus) TODO: Classification as "Health Care" Activity okay (for our purposes)? Divide into subclasses? C0332437 "Form and structure of an organism or one of its parts" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0205848 Note: mortality-"rate" is actually a proportion. "The proportion of individuals in a population that die in a given period of time, usually a year and usually multiplied by a 10n population size so it is expressed as the number per 1,000, 10,000, 100,000, ... individuals per year. These proportions are often broken into cause-specific and age-specific proportions and are often standardized so different groups can be compared and the population at the middle of the time interval is often used as the denominator" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C1546508 "A female parent" (NCI Thesaurus) C0026597 "Physical motion, i.e., a change in position of a body or subject as a result of an external force. It is distinguished from MOVEMENT, a process resulting from biological activity" (MeSH) C0234130 C0234131 C1334804 C1179106 "Proteins that are involved in or cause CELL MOVEMENT such as the rotary structures (flagellar motor) or the structures whose movement is directed along cytoskeletal filaments ( MYOSIN; KINESIN; and DYNEIN motor families)" (MeSH) C0026654 "A chronic cerebral vasculopathy primarily occurring in childhood and characterized by slowly progressive carotid artery narrowing and occlusion at the base of the brain. An extensive network of anastomoses forms between branches of the carotid arteries, resulting in a characteristic angiographic appearance. The condition may be idiopathic (classic moyamoya disease) or occur in association with ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL; DOWN SYNDROME; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; RADIOTHERAPY induced arterial injury; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; and other diseases. Clinical manifestations include hemiparesis, headache, seizures, and delayed mental development. In older individuals, this disease may present as SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p831; Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1997 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S36-8)" (MeSH) [Risk: 1.Kuroda et al 2001/CRIM; 2.Storen et al 2000/CRIM; 3.Borota et al 2000/CRIM; 4.Kawaguchi et al 1996/CRIM; 5.Grabel et al 1989/CRIM; 6.Konishi et al 1985/CRIM; 7.Peh et al 1985/CRIM; 8.Tanaka et al 1980/CRIM; 9.Adams et al 1979/CRIM; 10.Kodama et al 1978/CRIM; 11.Tanaka et al 1978/CRIM] C0026655 C1265769 TODO: Range of possible Value of Aneurysm nuber (>1) [Risk: 1.Andrews et al, 1979/CRIM; 2.Casimiro et al 2004/CRIM; 3.Cheong et al 2004/CRIM; 4.Ellamushi et al 2001/CRIM; 5.Heiskanen 1981/CRIM; 6.Hernesniemi et al 2003/CRIM; 7.Inagawa 1990/CRIM; 8.Juvela 2000/CRIM; 9.Kaminogo et al 2003/CRIM; 10.Nehls et al 1985/CRIM; 11.Ostergaard et al 1985/CRIM; 12.Qureshi et al 1998/CRIM; 13.Rinne et al 1994/CRIM; 14.Schilling et al 2004/CRIM; 15.Vajda 1992/CRIM; 16.Wilson et al 1989/CRIM] C0026845 "Tissue, which consists of muscle cells surrounded by sheets of collagen. Examples: cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle" (Digital Anatomist) "The Musi Banyuasin people group live in several districts of Musi Banyuasin Regency in South Sumatera Province" (www.joshuaproject.net) C0022126 "A monotheistic religion promulgated by the Prophet Mohammed with Allah as the deity" C0006416 C0026946 "Disease caused by a fungus" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0085808 C0027051 "Gross necrosis of the myocardium, as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area" (CRISP Thesaurus) 126206@ENTREZGENE NLR family, pyrin domain containing 5 P59047@SWISSPROT NACHT, LRR and PYD-containing protein 5 Q9HC58@SWISSPROT Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 3 [Precursor] Q9Y6K9@SWISSPROT NF-kappa-B essential modulator P01178@SWISSPROT Oxytocin-neurophysin 1 [Precursor] P01185@SWISSPROT Vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin [Precursor] 4763@ENTREZGENE neurofibromin 1 (neurofibromatosis, von Recklinghausen disease, Watson disease) P21359@SWISSPROT Neurofibromin C1697238 "The NIH Stroke Scale is a critical component of acute stroke assessment" 4843@ENTREZGENE nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes) P35228@SWISSPROT Nitric oxide synthase, inducible 4846@ENTREZGENE nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell) P29474@SWISSPROT Nitric-oxide synthase, endothelial 4878@ENTREZGENE natriuretic peptide precursor A 4879@ENTREZGENE natriuretic peptide precursor B 4880@ENTREZGENE natriuretic peptide precursor C 4881@ENTREZGENE natriuretic peptide receptor A/guanylate cyclase A (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor A) 4852@ENTREZGENE neuropeptide Y P01303@SWISSPROT Neuropeptide Y [Precursor] 4893@ENTREZGENE neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog C0027365 "Personal names, given or surname, as cultural characteristics, as ethnological or religious patterns, as indications of the geographic distribution of families and inbreeding, etc. Analysis of isonymy, the quality of having the same or similar names, is useful in the study of population genetics. NAMES is used also for the history of names or name changes of corporate bodies, such as medical societies, universities, hospitals, government agencies, etc" (MeSH) C0027366 C0042398 Questionnaire: Nasal Spray "A drug that shrinks the swollen membranes in the nose, making it easier to breath" C0027473 "The status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization" (WordNet 3.0) C0027496 C0151315 TODO: Definition C0027651 "Growth of the tumor after morphology of cell has changed; cells may or may not have transformed to a cancerous state" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0027689 C0027740 "Organ subdivision that primarily consists of nerve fibers aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue to form elongated, cable-like structures that form a tree; together with other nerves (organ part) and nerve plexuses it constitutes the nerve (organ). Examples: radial nerve, sciatic nerve, vagus, chorda tympani, phrenic nerve, pelvic splanchnic nerve" (Digital Anatomist) C1955638 C0262576 C1269560 "The entire integrated system of nerve tissue in the body: the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. The sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells.The system of nerve tissue that allows organisms who have own to co-ordinate bodily reactions from the [[ CNS and gather information from the external environment to be processed in the CNS" (www.biology-online.org) C0027767 "Functions and activities of the nervous system as a whole or with reference to the peripheral or the central nervous system" (MeSH) C0027779 C0027778 C0027757 "The tissue that generates and conducts electrical signals in the body. It contains the neurons" (NCI Thesaurus) C0459385 C0927232 "The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges" (MeSH) C0027831 "An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS)" (MeSH) [Risk: Conway et al 2001/CRIM] C0235029 "A neurologic complication was defined as any new neurologic sign or symptom or worsening of a preexisting neurologic deficit that occurred during the procedure or within 24 hours" C0521654 "A neurologic deficit is a decrease in the function of the brain, spinal cord, muscles, or nerves" (medline plus) C0027853 "The neurologic examination is one of the most unique exercises in all of clinical medicine. Whereas the history is the most important element in defining the clinical problem, neurologic examination is performed to localize a lesion in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS)" (www.emedicine.com) C0235031 "Neurologic symptoms can be variable. Examples include: numbness, tingling, hyperesthesia (increased sensitivity), paralysis, localised weakness, dysarthria (difficult speech), aphasia (inability to speak), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), diplopia (double vision), amaurosis fugax (temporary loss of vision in one eye) difficulty walking, incoordination, tremor, seizures, confusion, lethargy, dementia, delirium and coma. All the above can be symptoms of stroke" (www.biology-online.org) TODO: Classification Neurologic Deficit, Neurologic deterioration, Neurologic Status & symptom C0027765 "Impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning of the nervous system" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0746866 "Extent to which the peripheral and central nervous systems receive, process, and respond to internal and external stimuli" (Nursing Outcomes Classification) C1536136 C0242912 "Agents which prevent excitotoxicity or other deleterious influences in the nervous system, either physiologically or when administered before or shortly after an insult" (CRISP Thesaurus) "Neuropsychological evaluation (NPE) is a testing method through which a neuropsychologist can acquire data about a subject’s cognitive, motor, behavioral, language, and executive functioning. In the hands of a trained neuropsychologist, these data can provide information leading to the diagnosis of a cognitive deficit or to the confirmation of a diagnosis, as well as to the localization of organic abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS); the data can also guide effective treatment methods for the rehabilitation of impaired patients" (www.emedicine.com) C1549495 "Not ever; at no time in the past or future" (WordNet 3.0) C0027952 "No marriage contract has ever been entered" C0027964 C0337926 New Caledonia: "Island SW Pacific SW of Vanuatu; with nearby islands, constitutes an overseas department of France" C1553350 "Denotes the inhabitants of Papua New Guinea, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0027978 C0021289 "An infant during the first month after birth" (NCI Thesaurus) C0028002 C1628997 "A central point or locus of an infection in an organism" (WordNet 3.0) TODO: classification als Lesion_Location correct? C0028074 C0028075 C0028219 "General theory of elasticity which is valid for finite deformations of a body, e.g. the deformation of soft tissues in the body" (Watton) (Y.V.) TODO: Reclassification? "Child" of the property elasticity or a mathematical model to describe it? C1546377 C0155730 C0028366 C0232105 Systolic Blood Pressure: 100 - 140 mm Hg Diastolic Blood Pressure: 60 - 90 mmHg R.P. C0234559 C0020258 "A form of compensated hydrocephalus characterized clinically by a slowly progressive gait disorder (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), progressive intellectual decline, and URINARY INCONTINENCE. Spinal fluid pressure tends to be in the high normal range. This condition may result from processes which interfere with the absorption of CSF including SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, chronic MENINGITIS, and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp631-3)" (MeSH) C0445103 "Normal body temperature" (WordNet 3.0) C0445103 "Normal body temperature" (WordNet 3.0) C0425358 C0282204 "A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Americas, or who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0022772 C0282245 C0028423 Nuba Mountains: "A mountain range in Kordofan, a province in central Sudan" (Wikipedia) C0449788 "A concept of quantity involving zero and units" (Wordnet 3.0) "NNT is the number of individuals a clinician would need to treat to prevent one adverse outcome in that group of similar individuals at risk of the problem. This measure establishes the benefit of an intervention compared to doing nothing against a disease in individuals at risk of that disease when adverse events would still be expected even with the intervention (e.g. daily aspirin to prevent myocardial infarction). NNT is the reciprocal of the attributable risk or the reciprocal of the difference between the proportions of treated and non-treated individuals experiencing events over some period of time" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0449788 "A concept of quantity involving zero and units" (WordNet 3.0) O00330@SWISSPROT Pyruvate dehydrogenase protein X component, mitochondrial [Precursor] 391548@ENTREZGENE olfactory receptor, family 7, subfamily E, member 55 pseudogene 5020@ENTREZGENE oxytocin, prepro- (neurophysin I) C1518527 "The allocation or assignment of factors is not under control of investigator. In an observational study, the combinations are self-selected or are "experiments of nature". For those questions where it would be unethical to assign factors, investigators are limited to observational studies. Observational studies provide weaker empirical evidence than do experimental studies because of the potential for large confounding biases to be present when there is an unknown association between a factor and an outcome. The symmetry of unknown confounders cannot be maintained. The greatest value of these types of studies (e.g., case series, ecologic, case-control, cohort) is that they provide preliminary evidence that can be used as the basis for hypotheses in stronger experimental studies, such as randomized controlled trials" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0028778 "A condition of being clogged or blocked" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0549423 "Obstructive hydrocephalus results from obstruction of the flow of CSF (intraventricular or extraventricular). Most hydrocephalus is obstructive, and the term is used to contrast the hydrocephalus caused by overproduction of CSF" (www.emedicine.com) C0521114 "Occurring from time to time" (WordNet 3.0) C0027363 "Members of the various professions (e.g., PHYSICIANS) or occupations (e.g., POLICE)" (MeSH) C1279919 "Occurred at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time" (WordNet 3.0) C0205087 "Being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time" (WordNet 3.0) C0205314 "Not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" (WordNet 3.0) C1276802 "Occurred in a way that was not expected" (WordNet 3.0) C0028864 "Third Cranial Nerve; Sends motor fibers to the levator muscles of the eyelid and to the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye; sends parasympathetic efferents (via the ciliary ganglion) to the muscles controlling pupillary constriction and accommodation; motor fibers originate in the oculomotor nuclei of the midbrain" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0028873 "An estimate of relative risk that is obtained from a case-control study and that is similar to the relative risk when the disease is relatively rare (a cumulative annual incidence of < 5% in the unexposed population). Otherwise, it over-estimates relative risk. The odds-ratio is interpreted in the same fashion as relative risk" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University) Press "The Ogan people live along the Ogan River in South Sumatera" (www.joshuaproject.net) C0028938 "First cranial nerve; conveys the sense of smell; it is formed by the axons of olfactory receptor neurons which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the olfactory bulb" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0028971 C0543467 "A Surgical Procedure is a diagnostic or treatment medical procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue" (NCI Thesaurus) C1278937 "Artery originating from the internal carotid artery and distributing to the eye, orbit and adjacent facial structures" (MeSH) "Segment of ICA where the ophthalmic artery originates" C0029130 "Second cranial nerve; conveys visual information from the retina to the brain; carries the axons of the retinal ganglion cells which sort at the optic chiasm and continue via the optic tracts to the brain; the largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other important targets include the superior colliculi and the suprachiasmatic nuclei; though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the central nervous system" (CRISP Thesaurus) Optimal: "Most desirable possible under a restriction expressed or implied" (WordNet 3.0) C0029151 "Agent taken orally that prevents conception or diminishes its likelihood; may be designed for either male or female" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0029151 State of taking orally agents that prevent conception or diminish its likelihood; may be designed for either male or female. (CRISP Thesaurus) C0009905 "Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are generally estrogen or progesterone or both" (MeSH) C0337944 "The Oraon (also spelt as Uraon more precisely Oṛāōn) people inhabit various states across central and eastern India as well as Bangladesh" (Wikipedia) C0178784 "Anatomical structure, which consists of the maximal set of organ parts so connected to one another that together they constitute a unit of macroscopic anatomy, structurally distinct from other such units. Together with other organs, an organ constitutes an organ system or a body part. An organ is divisible into organ parts but not organs. Examples: femur, biceps, liver, heart, skin, tracheobronchial tree, sciatic nerve, ovary" (Digital Anatomist) C0507777 "Organ part, which is countable and consist of a principal and one or more subsidiary tissues; (is divisible into basic tissues); connected to other organ components, it constitutes an organ subdivision. Examples: osteon, acinus, submucosa, capillary, papillary muscle, anterior leaflet of mitral valve, capsule of kidney, cortical bone, muscle fasciculus, anterior rootlet of spinal nerve" (Digital Anatomist) C0920995 Layer (Organ part) C0504215 "Anatomical structure, which consists of one or more types of tissues, spatially related to one another in patterns determined by coordinated gene expression; together with other contiguous organ parts, it constitutes an organ. Examples:endothelium, osteon, cortical bone, neck of femur, bronchopulmonary segment, left lobe of liver, anterior interventricular branch of leftcoronary artery, right atrium, mitral valve" (Digital Anatomist) "Cardinal organ part which is a fiat subdivision of an organ. Examples: lingula of left lung, tail of pancreas, artery, trochanter, nodulus of semilunar valve, right side of heart, duodenum, fundus of stomach" (FMA) C0933807 "Organ region with fixed fiat boundary. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball" (FMA) C0460002 "Anatomical structure, which consists of members of predominantly one organ subclass; these members are interconnected by zones of continuity. Examples: skeletal system, cardiovascular system, alimentary system" (Digital Anatomist) C0018704 Health care facility: "The buildings and organizations where healthcare services are provided" (NCI Thesaurus) C0029235 "A living thing, such as an animal, a plant, a bacterium, or a fungus" (NCI Thesaurus) C0029266 "Awareness of oneself in relation to time, place and person" (MeSH) Questionnaire: "What year? What season? What month? What day of the week? What day? Which country are we? Which region are we? Which city are we? In what building are we? On what floor are we?" "An ethnic group of eastern India and of eastern Indo-Aryan stock. They are found primarily in the coastal province of Orissa, with minority populations in Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal" (Wikipedia) "Having periodic vibrations" (WordNet 3.0) "Oscillatory shear index (OSI) was developed to measure the degree of deviation of the wall shear stress from its average direction during pulsatile flow" C1274040 "A phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" (NCI Thesaurus) Here: epidemiological concept. E.g. in the phrase “smoking is a risk factor for SAH”, SAH is the outcome (RR). C0086749 "It is a measure of change, the difference from one point in time (usually before an intervention) to another point in time (usually following an intervention)" (Kendall N (1997) Developing outcome assessments: a step by step approach New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy Dec, 11 - 17.) "An outcome measure should be standardised, with explicit instructions for administration and scoring" (McDowell I and Newell C (1996) Measuring Health - a Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires Oxford University Press) "The amount of fluid that flows in a given time out of a body organ or part, expressed as volume per unit of time" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) Boundary of the vascular model: Outflow (volume) C1709380 "A measure of the probability that a result happened by chance. The lower the p-value, the more likely it is that the result was caused by phenomenon of interest" (NCI Thesaurus) O00443@SWISSPROT Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing alpha polypeptide Q13093@SWISSPROT Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase [Precursor] P05121@SWISSPROT Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [Precursor] 5071@ENTREZGENE Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, juvenile) 2, parkin 5111@ENTREZGENE proliferating cell nuclear antigen P12004@SWISSPROT Proliferating cell nuclear antigen P49585@SWISSPROT Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A 5130@ENTREZGENE phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1, choline, alpha 5155@ENTREZGENE platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide (simian sarcoma viral (v-sis) oncogene homolog) P01127@SWISSPROT Platelet-derived growth factor B chain [Precursor] 8050@ENTREZGENE pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, component X Q5T2W1@SWISSPROT PDZ domain-containing protein 1 5174@ENTREZGENE PDZ domain containing 1 5187@ENTREZGENE period homolog 1 (Drosophila) O15534@SWISSPROT Period circadian protein homolog 1 8864@ENTREZGENE period homolog 2 (Drosophila) O15055@SWISSPROT Period circadian protein homolog 2 8863@ENTREZGENE period homolog 3 (Drosophila) P56645@SWISSPROT Period circadian protein homolog 3 P07202@SWISSPROT Thyroid peroxidase [Precursor] 5196@ENTREZGENE platelet factor 4 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4) P16112@SWISSPROT Aggrecan core protein [Precursor] O00264@SWISSPROT Membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 1 10857@ENTREZGENE progesterone receptor membrane component 1 5245@ENTREZGENE prohibitin P35232@SWISSPROT Prohibitin 80235@ENTREZGENE phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class Z Q86VD9@SWISSPROT GPI mannosyltransferase 4 5286@ENTREZGENE phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 2, alpha polypeptide 5310@ENTREZGENE polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant) P98161@SWISSPROT Polycystin-1 [Precursor] 5311@ENTREZGENE polycystic kidney disease 2 (autosomal dominant) Q13563@SWISSPROT Polycystin-2 5314@ENTREZGENE polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (autosomal recessive) Q8TCZ9@SWISSPROT Polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 [Precursor] 7941@ENTREZGENE phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma) 5327@ENTREZGENE plasminogen activator, tissue 5328@ENTREZGENE plasminogen activator, urokinase 23236@ENTREZGENE phospholipase C, beta 1 (phosphoinositide-specific) Q9NQ66@SWISSPROT 1-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta 1 5333@ENTREZGENE phospholipase C, delta 1 P51178@SWISSPROT 1-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta 1 P02776@SWISSPROT Platelet factor 4 [Precursor] 5340@ENTREZGENE plasminogen P00747@SWISSPROT Plasminogen [Precursor] O75051@SWISSPROT Plexin-A2 [Precursor] 5362@ENTREZGENE plexin A2 29944@ENTREZGENE paraneoplastic antigen MA3 Q9UKI9@SWISSPROT POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 3 5443@ENTREZGENE proopiomelanocortin (adrenocorticotropin/ beta-lipotropin/ alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone/ beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone/ beta-endorphin) 25833@ENTREZGENE POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 3 5473@ENTREZGENE pro-platelet basic protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7) 5587@ENTREZGENE protein kinase D1 O60260@SWISSPROT Parkin 5617@ENTREZGENE prolactin P01236@SWISSPROT Prolactin [Precursor] 5730@ENTREZGENE prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain) P41222@SWISSPROT Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase [Precursor] 5788@ENTREZGENE protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C C0030605 "The time required for the appearance of FIBRIN strands following the mixing of PLASMA with phospholipid platelet substitute (e.g., crude cephalins, soybean phosphatides). It is a test of the intrinsic pathway (factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII) and the common pathway (fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors V and X) of BLOOD COAGULATION. It is used as a screening test and to monitor HEPARIN therapy" (MeSH) C0033707 "Clotting time of PLASMA recalcified in the presence of excess TISSUE THROMBOPLASTIN. Factors measured are FIBRINOGEN; PROTHROMBIN; FACTOR V; FACTOR VII; and FACTOR X. It is used for monitoring anticoagulant therapy with COUMARINS" (MeSH) 5817@ENTREZGENE poliovirus receptor P15151@SWISSPROT Poliovirus receptor [Precursor] C0242191 "A person having origins in any of the original people of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0030193 "Unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli and generally received by specialized nerve endings" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0030211 C0242397 C1518860 C0522224 "A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)" (MeSH) C0028866 "Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. Commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especially in association with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysmal compression" (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p270) (MeSH) C0029132 "Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect" (MeSH) C0152176 "Fourth nerve palsy or trochlear nerve palsy is a neurological defect resulting from dysfunction of the fourth cranial nerve. Double vision, also known as diplopia, may occur because of the inability of the eyes to maintain proper alignment. Injury to the fourth cranial nerve can stem from congenital or acquired causes with one or both nerves being affected" (www.emedicine.com) C0919940 C0751937 "Diseases of the first cranial (olfactory) nerve, which usually feature anosmia or other alterations in the sense of smell and taste. Anosmia may be associated with NEOPLASMS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; inherited conditions; toxins; METABOLIC DISEASES; tobacco abuse; and other conditions" (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp229-31) (MeSH) C0001163 "Pathological processes of the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE, including the branches of COCHLEAR NERVE and VESTIBULAR NERVE. Common examples are VESTIBULAR NEURITIS, cochlear neuritis, and ACOUSTIC NEUROMA. Clinical signs are varying degree of HEARING LOSS; VERTIGO; and TINNITUS" (MeSH) C0015469 "Severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. This condition may result from central or peripheral lesions. Damage to CNS motor pathways from the cerebral cortex to the facial nuclei in the pons leads to facial weakness that generally spares the forehead muscles. FACIAL NERVE DISEASES generally results in generalized hemifacial weakness. NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause facial paralysis or paresis" (MeSH) C0271355 "Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured along its course in the pons, intracranially as it travels along the base of the brain, in the cavernous sinus, or at the level of superior orbital fissure or orbit. Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness, resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and ESOTROPIA. Common conditions associated with nerve injury include INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ISCHEMIA; and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS" (MeSH) C0152177 "Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. The nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. The mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. Clinical features include loss of facial and intra-oral sensation and weakness of jaw closure. Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA" (MeSH) C0585265 C0877397 C1610053 "Complete damage or interruption of the vagus nerve produces a typical pattern of weakness. There are difficulties with swallowing and with hoarseness. Although the nerve supplies the heart, gastrointestinal tract and other organs, there are usually no symptoms caused by this" C0030266 C0030375 C0030428 C0747264 TODO: Definition. - What's the difference to feeding artery? "Occlusion of the artery giving origin to a given artery" (SH) TODO: vessel=artery. Correct? C1553425 "Employment in which the employee is expected to work less than a standard work week (defined by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics as 35-44 hours per week)" (HL7 Version 3.0) C0728938 "Being or affecting only a part of something" (NCI Thesaurus) "Partly freed from illness or injury" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) Particular in Context shows entities classified under dol:particular according to DOLCE top level categories in a different context. Parts of the ontology can thus be extracted according to user requirements, as it is demonstrated in the part "Particular_in TextMining_Context". "Most Pasemah (or Besemah) live in the regencies of Lahat and Ogan Komering Ulu in the province of South Sumatera. Some live in Bengkulu Province" (www.joshuaproject.net) C0883281 --> arcade patency check C0016522 "A condition in which the FORAMEN OVALE in the ATRIAL SEPTUM fails to close shortly after birth. This results in abnormal communications between the two upper chambers of the heart. An isolated patent ovale foramen without other structural heart defects is usually of no hemodynamic significance" (MeSH) C0016169 "Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body" (MeSH) C0679831 case history: "Detailed record of the background of a person or group under study or treatment" (Wordnet 3.0) C0679831 --> A patient is characterized by a certain event which took place in his own or his family's past. Subclasses of "Patient_History_Region" are "positive/negative history of ..." E.g., the QUALITY "personal history of SAH" has the VALUE "+" , represented by the class called "Positive_Personal_History_of_SAH" Def: SH 02.10.06 case history: "Detailed record of the background of a person or group under study or treatment" (Wordnet 3.0) C0030705 "Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures" (MeSH) "Location of a peak value in a given region at a certain instant of time" C0518214 Patient Quality of Life <=> Perceived Quality of Life Scale (PQOL) "Subjective measurement of an individual's well being" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1182750 "A blood vessel forming a connection between a deep system and a superficial one" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) TODO: Definition C0031001 "Artificial pumping of a fluid through a tissue or organ via blood vessels, especially to supply drugs or nutrients; for the concept of pumping of one's own blood through artificial means use EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION" (CRISP Thesaurus) TODO: also "Perfusion" as Biological_Process_or_State? C0879554 "A diagnostic technique for measuring the rate at which blood is delivered to tissue. In perfusion MRI, an exogenous contrast agent is usually injected to provide superior tissue contrast and easy delineation of perfusion abnormalities. Endogenous markers can also be used" (MeSH) C0031036 "Form of necrotizing vasculitis involving small- and medium-sized arteries; signs and symptoms result from infarction and scarring of the affected organ system" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0226208 "The continuation of the anterior cerebral artery after the anterior communicating artery; it supplies branches to the cerebral cortex as it passes along the corpus callosum" (Online Medical Dictionary by cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk) C0205390 Phase: "A distinguishable part, a stage in a series of events or in a process of development, e.g. any of the varying aspects or stages in course of a disease; a fraction of a cycle" (NCI Thesaurus) C0205390 Phase: "A distinguishable part, a stage in a series of events or in a process of development, e.g. any of the varying aspects or stages in course of a disease; a fraction of a cycle" (NCI Thesaurus) C0023529 "Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)" (MeSH) C0233651 "Persistent repetition of a response to different and perhaps inappropriate stimuli which may be due to a refusal or an inability to interrupt one's behavior or to change from one task to another. Also, pathological repetition of thoughts, acts, or verbalizations" (Psychological Index Terms) C0699776 "One of the people of Persia as a member of one of the peoples forming the modern Iranian nationality" (Merriam-Webster online) C0344493 "Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery, an anastomosis between the carotid artery and the vertebrobasilar system, is found in about 0.05% of cerebral angiograms. Though usually asymptomatic, it may occasionally cause ischemic disease" C0344491 C0344493 C0344491 C0242670 "A persistent loss of upper cortical function that may follow acute (e.g., infections, toxins, trauma or vascular) events or chronic (e.g., degenerative) events. The patient is bedridden and nutritional support is completely passive, either parenteral or via nasogastric tube. The patient does not require respiratory support or circulatory assistance for survival and is in a state of chronic wakefulness without awareness which may be accompanied by spontaneous eye opening, grunts or screams, brief smiles, sporadic movement of facial muscles and limbs. While the eyes blink upon stimulation, they do not do so in response to visual threats. Some patients chew or clamp their teeth. Urinary and faecal incontinence is universal" (www.biology-online.org/dictionary) C0027361 "A single human being" (NCI Thesaurus) C0262926 (Personal) Medical History "A record of a patient's background regarding health and the occurrence of disease events of the individual" (NCI Thesaurus) C0262926 (Personal) Medical History "A record of a patient's background regarding health and the occurrence of disease events of the individual" (NCI Thesaurus) C0031238 C0226158 "The part of the internal carotid artery in the carotid canal; its branches are carotidotympanic arteries and the artery of the pterygoid canal" (Cancerweb OMD) C0923228 C0923227 C0013227 "Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form" (MeSH) C1254351 "A natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic substance including endogenous body substance used to diagnose, prevent, maintain, treat or analyze abnormal and normal biological functions in vivo or in vitro" (NCI Thesaurus) C0013216 "Application of the beneficial effects of drugs to control or cure diseases or abnormal states in living organisms or tissues" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0923204 C0923202 C0923203 C0031529 C0085636 "Abnormal sensitivity to light" (MeSH) C0031845 "Those processes specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end" [source: GOC:go_curators, GOC:isa_complete] "A phenomenon marked by changes that lead to a particular result, mediated by one or more gene products" [GO:curators] (Gene Ontology) C0031869 "Innermost layer of the leptomeninges, which adheres to the brain and spinal cord and conforms to all the irregularities on their surfaces" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1709558 "Picture element ((computer science) the smallest discrete component of an image or picture)" (Wordnet 3.0, adapted) C0032040 "The place where someone is born or where something originates" C0522776 "The main purpose of a stent is to counteract significant decreases in vessel or duct diameter by acutely propping open the conduit by a mechanical scaffold or stent. Stents are often used to alleviate diminished blood flow to organs and extremities beyond an obstruction in order to maintain an adequate delivery of oxygenated blood" (Wikipedia) C0032098 "Botany: a living organism lacking the power of locomotion" (WordNet 3.0) C0032105 "Body substance in liquid state contained in the lumen of arterial and venous trees, blood capillary and the cardiac chambers; constitutes the liquid phase of blood" (Digital Anatomist) C0919798 C0919737 here: physiological and/or pathological process inhibiting the aggregation of platelets. for drug therapy see Antiaggregation "Platelet Aggregation Inhibition involves interference with, or restraint of, the activities of biologic molecules or complexes involved in the attachment of platelets to one another. Platelet Aggregation can be affected by a number of agents as part of the mechanism regulating to the formation of a thrombus" (NCI Thesaurus) C0032177 "Drugs or agents which antagonize or impair any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0427563 UMLS: Platelet Finding, Questionnaire: Platelets "Bleeding disorders or other bone marrow diseases, such as leukemia, require the determination of the number of platelets present and/or their ability to function correctly. A platelet count is often ordered as a standard part of a complete blood count, which may be done as part of an annual physical examination. In an adult, a normal count is about 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter (x 10–6/Liter) of blood" (www.labtestsonline.org) C0633084 Trade name for Clopidogrel (antiplatelet agent) C0032285 "Inflammation of the lungs with consolidation and exudation" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0032356 C0240790 "Denotes a person from any of the over 1,000 islands in the central and southern Pacific Ocean bounded by a triangle with its three corners at Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island or a person of that ancestry" (NCI Thesaurus) C0032639 "The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the mesencephalon, ventral to the cerebellum, and consisting of a pars dorsalis and a pars ventralis" (MeSH) "...The fourth ventricle lies dorsal to the pons which also contains the motor trigeminal nuclei and the abducens nuclei. The cerebellum contributes a large number of afferent fibers to the pons" (NCI Thesaurus) C0265088 "Bleeding in the substance of the pons, typically occurs in hypertensive patients" C1257890 "Individuals classified according to their sex, racial origin, religion, common place of living, financial or social status, or some other cultural or behavioral attribute" (UMLS, 2003) (MeSH) C0032729 C0032730 "A native or inhabitant of Portugal or a person of Portuguese descent" (Merriam-Webster online) Questionnaire: Personal History of Recent Severe Brain Injury C0032743 "Detection of gamma rays emitted from tissues after administration of a natural substance such as glucose or fatty acids into which positron emitting isotopes have been incorporated; the paths of the gamma rays, which result from collisions of positrons and electrons, are interpreted by a computer algorithm, and the resultant tomogram represents local concentrations of the isotope containing substance" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1269013 C0923795 C0923796 "All aneurysms located on vertebrobasilary system (vertebral artery, basilar artery, posterior cerebral artery) AND aneurysm located on the posterior communicating segment of the intracranial carotid artery" (P.B.) [Risk: 1.Rinkel et al 1998/D18; 2.Morita et al 2005/D18] C1514258 "The posterior cerebral circulation consists of the vertebrobasilar system (vertebral arteries, basilar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar arteries, anterior inferior cerebellar arteries, superior cerebellar arteries, posterior cerebral arteries) and supplies the following anatomical structures: upper cervical spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum, mesencephalon, thalami, occipital lobes, and parts of the temporal and parietal lobes" C1269014 "Either of two arteries that occur one on each side of the circle of Willis and connect an internal carotid artery with a posterior cerebral artery" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) "Segment of ICA where posterior communicating artery originates" C1305393 "The internal base of the skull posterior to the crest of the petrous part of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellae and anterior to the grooves for the transverse sinuses, where the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata rest" (biology-onlineorg) Note that FMA does not see the anterior cranial fossa as a part of the base of the skull (as this definition might imply) but as a part of the cranial cavity in which a certain part "of the brain rests". C1269878 FMA: Arterial supply of cerebellum C0032790 "The period following a surgical operation" (MeSH) C0428289 C0202194 "Analyzing a client/patient's blood sample to assess his or her potassium levels. ..." (Alternative Billing Concepts, modified) C0033325 "A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations" (MeSH) "Prediction as to the probable outcome of a disease or disorder as indicated by the nature and symptoms of the case" (CRISP Thesaurus) "Prediction of the course, duration, and outcome of a disorder. Compare DISEASE COURSE" (Psychological Index Terms) "RAEB: A forecast of the probable course and/or outcome of a disease" (NCI Thesaurus) C0038039 Sports: "Activities or games, usually involving physical effort or skill. Reasons for engagement in sports include pleasure, competition, and/or financial reward" (MeSH) C0032961 "Pregnancy is the state or condition of having a developing embryo or fetus in the body (uterus), after union of an ovum and spermatozoon, during the period from conception to birth" (NCI Thesaurus) C0033095 "The force applied to a unit area of surface" (NCI Thesaurus) C0033095 "The force applied to a unit area of surface" (NCI Thesaurus) C0021294 "Human born before the normal gestation period has elapsed, before 32 weeks of gestation" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0033105 "The ratio (for a given time period) of the number of occurrences of a disease or event to the number of units at risk in the population" (NCI Thesaurus) C1180147 C0344494 C0033204 "The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process" (MeSH) "The likelihood of the chance occurrence of specific events. May include the mathematical study of probability theory" (Psychological Index Terms) C0578393 "The occupation for which you are paid" (WordNet 3.0) C0199176 "Measures designed to preserve health (as of an individual or of society) and prevent the spread of disease" (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary) C1709707 "A part, fraction, share, or number considered in relation to the whole amount or number" (NCI Thesaurus) C0033489 "Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time" (MeSH) C0033522 "Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group" (MeSH) "Molecules that inhibit the function of peptidases" C0033684 Gene product used for "protein seen from anatomical view", as a molecule with a certain structure "A group of complex organic macromolecules composed of one or more chains (linear polymers) of alpha-L-amino acids linked by peptide bonds and ranging in size from a few thousand to over 1 million Daltons. Proteins are fundamental genetically encoded components of living cells with specific structures and functions dictated by amino acid sequence" (NCI Thesaurus) source of information: textmining C1527118 "The function of enzymes, regulators, chaperones etc" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) classification based on Alberts B, Molecular Biology of the Cell (German Edition) and MeSH --> gene product with so far undefined function (source: SwissProt DB) C0597304 "Splitting of proteins by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds with formation of smaller polypeptides; the process may be catalyzed by proteolytic enzymes, by acids, or by bases" (CRISP Thesaurus) "The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein" [RESID:jsg] (Gene Ontology) C0033607 "Any substance or agent which suppresses, prevents or opposes the actions or biosynthesis of proteases" (CRISP Thesaurus) --> natural peptidase inhibitors (proteins, e.g. serine protease inhibitors including alpha-1-antitrypsin) and pharmacological protease inhibitors (antiretroviral drugs e.g. Saquinavir) C0033707 "Clotting time of plasma recalcified in the presence of excess tissue thromboplastin; used for monitoring anticoagulant therapy with coumarins" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0456369 "Established beyond doubt" (Wordnet 3.0) C0033847 "Rare, progressive inherited disorder resulting from extensive basophilic degeneration of elastic tissue, usually presenting after puberty and involving the skin, eye, and cardiovascular system" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0033377 "The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ into a natural or artificial orifice" (MeSH) C0034044 C0034052 "Pulmonary artery structure. large artery originating from the superior surface of right ventricle and carrying deoxygenated blood from heart to lung" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0034065 "Embolism in the pulmonary artery or one of its branches" (MeSH) C0439606 "Expanding and contracting rhythmically; beating rhythmically" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) Y.V. C0034169 "The largest and most lateral of the basal ganglia lying between the lateral medullary lamina of the globus pallidus and the external capsule. It is part of the neostriatum and forms part of the lentiform nucleus along with the globus pallidus" (MeSH) C0751741 "Bleeding into the PUTAMEN, a BASAL GANGLIA nucleus. This is a relatively common site of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage and is associated with chronic HYPERTENSION and lipohyalinosis of small blood vessels in the putamen. Clinical manifestations vary with the size of hemorrhage, but include hemiparesis, headache, and alterations of consciousness" (MeSH) C0337845 "Any member of various peoples having an average height of less than five feet" (WordNet 3.0) C0034366 C1265611 "A measurable amount of a substance. In clinical trials, quantity may refer to the amount of active moiety or ingredient in a plant extract" (NCI Thesaurus) C1265611 "A measurable amount of a substance. In clinical trials, quantity may refer to the amount of active moiety or ingredient in a plant extract" (NCI Thesaurus) C0337884 "A member of a South American Indian people in Peru who were formerly the ruling class of the Inca empire" (WordNet 3.0) C0553690 Reversible ischemic neurological defect. Like TIA, but: symptoms >24h and <7days C0553690 Reversible ischemic neurological defect. Like TIA, but: symptoms >24h and <7days C0231221 Rankein 0. "No symptoms at all" Rankein 1. "No significant disability despite symptoms; able to carry out all usual duties and activities" Rankein 2. "Slight disability; unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance" C0600108 Rankein 3. "Moderate disability; requiring some help, but able to walk without assistance". Rankein 4. "Moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance" Rankein 5. "Severe disability; bedridden, incontinent and requiring constant nursing care and attention" C1306577 Rankein 6. "Dead" 10743@ENTREZGENE retinoic acid induced 1 Q7Z5J4@SWISSPROT Retinoic acid-induced protein 1 P01112@SWISSPROT GTPase HRas [Precursor] P01111@SWISSPROT Transforming protein N-Ras 28954@ENTREZGENE RAS (RAD and GEM)-like GTP-binding 1 O75628@SWISSPROT GTP-binding protein REM 1 Q5VYX0@SWISSPROT Renalase [Precursor] P00797@SWISSPROT Renin [Precursor] 5972@ENTREZGENE renin Q8WXD0@SWISSPROT Relaxin receptor 2 C1278948 "The smaller of the two branches into which the brachial artery divides just below the bend of the elbow and which passes along the radial side of the forearm to the wrist then winds backward around the outer side of the carpus and enters the palm between the first and second metacarpal bones to form the deep palmar arch" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C1522449 "Therapeutic use of ionizing and nonionizing radiation; for radioisotope therapy refer to RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY and narrower terms; for therapeutic radiation with visible, laser, or ultraviolet light, respectively refer to PHOTOTHERAPY, LASER THERAPY, or ULTRAVIOLET THERAPY and narrower terms" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1306504 "A straight line from the center to the perimeter of a circle or from the center to the surface of a sphere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0282440 "A prospective, analytical, experimental study using primary data generated in the clinical environment. Individuals similar at the beginning are randomly allocated to two or more treatment groups and the outcomes the groups are compared after sufficient follow-up time. Properly executed, the RCT is the strongest evidence of the clinical efficacy of preventive and therapeutic procedures in the clinical setting" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0150097 "A prospective, analytical, experimental study using primary data generated in the clinical environment. Individuals with a chronic condition are randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups, and, after a sufficient treatment period and often a washout period, are switched to the other treatment for the same period. This design is susceptible to bias if carry over effects from the first treatment occur. An important variant is the "N of One" clinical trial in which alternative treatments for a chronically affected individual are administered in a random sequence and the individual is observed in a double blind fashion to determine which treatment is the best" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C1514721 "The difference between the lowest and highest numerical values" (NCI Thesaurus) C1521828 "A measurement of degree, speed, or frequency relative to time" (NCI Thesaurus) C0456603 "The relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient)" (NCI Thesaurus) "A numerator divided by a denominator that usually does not include subjects of the numerator and is not restricted to values between 0.0 and 1.0" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) C0475025 "to bleed or hemorrhage again" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0034770 "The process whereby a representation of past experience is elicited" (MeSH) from questionnaire: "Number of correctly recalled object names during registration from 0 to 3" "Medicines or remedies that were used to treat a situation" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) C0332293 "Care that was provided to improve a situation" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) C0597357 "Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands" (MeSH) C1546959 "Freed from illness or injury" (WordNet 3.0) C0599766 "A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma" (MeSH) "Recurrent stroke is frequent; about 25 percent of people who recover from their first stroke will have another stroke within 5 years" (http://www.fbhc.org) C0427454 UMLS: Red Blood Cell Finding, Questionnaire: RBC "An RBC count is a blood test that tells how many red blood cells (RBCs) you have" (medline plus) C0232483 "A process of refluxing or condition of being refluxed" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) incl. questionnaire's "arachnoid bundle" "Cardinal organ part which is a fiat subdivision of an organ component. Examples: cervical part of wall of esophagus, mucosa of body of stomach" (FMA) Entity refers to Diamox Brain Imaging "Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that acts as cerebral vasodilator. Ischemic tissue will demonstrate decreased uptake of cerebral perfusion radiopharmaceutical because of decreased vascular reserve (=rCPR) relative the normal spared brain parenchyma. Acetazolamide peaks in the blood stream at 20 minutes" (http://www.med.harvard.edu/JPNM/TF03_04/Feb3/WriteUp.html) TODO: reduzierte vaskuläre reserve bedeutet fehlender Perfusionsanstieg im Test, da Gefäße im betr. Bereichsowieso schon weitgestellt sind. Was genau beshcreibt die vaskuläre Reserve also? ist das eine Volumenunterschied, ein Unterschied im Blutfluss/Zeit? Entity refers to Diamox Brain Imaging "Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that acts as cerebral vasodilator. Ischemic tissue will demonstrate decreased uptake of cerebral perfusion radiopharmaceutical because of decreased vascular reserve (=rCPR) relative the normal spared brain parenchyma. Acetazolamide peaks in the blood stream at 20 minutes" (http://www.med.harvard.edu/JPNM/TF03_04/Feb3/WriteUp.html) TODO: Definition of normal / increased / decreased... Questionnaire: "Number of correctly repeated object names at first try from 0 to 3" C0034980 "Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable" (MeSH) C0205272 "Customary, usual, or at fixed intervals; conforming to a standard or pattern" (NCI Thesaurus) C0815047 "Regulatory proteins regulate or circumscribe the activity of many cellular functions" (NCI Thesaurus) C0080103 "A person related by blood or marriage" (NCI Thesaurus) C0242492 "Relative risk (RR) is the risk of an event (or of developing a disease) relative to exposure. Relative risk is a ratio of the probability of the event occurring in the exposed group versus the control (non-exposed) group" C0035039 "A set of beliefs concerning the nature, cause, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency. It usually involves devotional and ritual observances and often a moral code for the conduct of human affairs" (Random House Collegiate Dictionary, rev. ed.; MeSH) C0035039 "A set of beliefs concerning the nature, cause, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency. It usually involves devotional and ritual observances and often a moral code for the conduct of human affairs" (Random House Collegiate Dictionary, rev. ed.; MeSH) C1622383 "The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels" [MGI:hjd] (Gene Ontology) "A general term used to refer to changes in the composition and structural properties of arteries during adaption to disease or altered environmental conditions." (Watton) C0592046 Tradename for Abciximab C0728940 "The surgical removal of part of an organ or structure" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0237096 "Any address at which a person dwells more than temporarily" (NCI Thesaurus) C0035203 "Distinct from cell or tissue respiration, Respiration is the act of breathing with the lungs and consists of inspiration, or taking ambient air into the lungs, and expiration, or expelling modified air that contains more carbon dioxide than the air taken in" (NCI Thesaurus) C0231832 "Number of breaths per unit of time (usually per minute)" (SH) C0035242 "Respiratory tract diseases are diseases that affect the air passages, including the nasal passages, the bronchi and the lungs. They range from acute infections, such as pneumonia and bronchitis, to chronic conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" (WHO) C0035345 "The state of being retired from one's position or occupation" (MeSH) C0439784 "Moving or directed or tending in a backward direction or contrary to a previous direction" (WordNet 3.0) C0743724 C0581603 "Procedures performed on the blood vessels with the intent of restoring the circulation or integrity of the blood vessels and to improve circulation deficiencies due to disease, injuries, or deformities" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0205090 "Being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north" (NCI Thesaurus) C0923936 C0923945 C1267288 C0923400 C0923402 C0923408 C0923759 C0923413 C0228175 "Right half of the cerebrum" C0226086 C1278585 C0923938 C0923941 C0344333 "Using the right hand habitually or more easily than the left" (Merriam-Webster online) C0457435 "Muscular weakness or partial paralysis restricted to the right side of the body" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online, adapted) C0923948 C1278588 C0230415 "The right lower extremity" C1267298 C0923929 C0925231 C0923265 C0923926 C0923614 C1267319 C0923809 C0923811 C0923406 C0923743 C1267374 C1269887 C0923104 C0923783 C0923934 C0923931 C0230329 "The right upper extremity" C0501622 C1267315 C0923729 C0923939 C0035647 "The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome" (MeSH). "Risk is the likelihood .. that an individual will develop a given disease in a given time period" (A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press) UMLS C0035647 refers also to "An undesirable act that is likely to occur". Note that this class only refers to the definitions above. C0035648 "An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent" (MeSH) "An individual attribute or exposure that is positively or negatively associated with the occurence of a disease. " A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press C1519104 " A non-causal factor associated sufficiently well with a risk factor that it can be used as a reliable marker, or indicator, of the risk factor’s presence. " A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th edition 2001, Oxford University Press "A characteristic that indicates the risk of developing a disease" (NCI Thesaurus) "Ranges (Values) for the extent of the increase of risk to bear an aneurysm or to suffer a SAH, if a Human is exposed to a certain risk factor or a combination of risk factors" (SH) "Ranges (Values) for the extent of the increase of risk to bear an aneurysm or to suffer a SAH, if a Human is exposed to a certain risk factor or a combination of risk factors" (SH) C0035826 "A native or inhabitant of Romania" (Merriam-Webster online) C0152322 C0205194 "Having or caused by an irregular surface" (WordNet 3.0) Site of aneurysm rupture C0242084 C0035970 C0035978 6285@ENTREZGENE S100 calcium binding protein B P04271@SWISSPROT Protein S100-B "Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures after a subarachnoid hemorrhage" 6331@ENTREZGENE sodium channel, voltage-gated, type V, alpha subunit Q14524@SWISSPROT Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha P02775@SWISSPROT Platelet basic protein [Precursor] = sutureless ELANA 6401@ENTREZGENE selectin E (endothelial adhesion molecule 1) 6402@ENTREZGENE selectin L (lymphocyte adhesion molecule 1) 6403@ENTREZGENE selectin P (granule membrane protein 140kDa, antigen CD62) Q9NVA2@SWISSPROT Septin-11 55752@ENTREZGENE septin 11 5414@ENTREZGENE septin 4 O43236@SWISSPROT Septin-4 5265@ENTREZGENE serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 1 5267@ENTREZGENE serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 4 6906@ENTREZGENE serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 7 462@ENTREZGENE serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade C (antithrombin), member 1 5054@ENTREZGENE serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1 5345@ENTREZGENE serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 2 6447@ENTREZGENE secretogranin V (7B2 protein) 7979@ENTREZGENE split hand/foot malformation (ectrodactyly) type 1 Q96PQ1@SWISSPROT Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 12 [Precursor] 89858@ENTREZGENE sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 12 57419@ENTREZGENE solute carrier family 24 (sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger), member 3 6615@ENTREZGENE snail homolog 1 (Drosophila) O95863@SWISSPROT Zinc finger protein SNAI1 677792@ENTREZGENE small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 1 677823@ENTREZGENE small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 42 6647@ENTREZGENE secretogranin V (7B2 protein) P00441@SWISSPROT Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] 10615@ENTREZGENE sperm associated antigen 5 Q96R06@SWISSPROT Sperm-associated antigen 5 8404@ENTREZGENE SPARC-like 1 (mast9, hevin) 6678@ENTREZGENE secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (osteonectin) P09486@SWISSPROT SPARC [Precursor] Q14515@SWISSPROT SPARC-like protein 1 [Precursor] 9517@ENTREZGENE serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 2 P36956@SWISSPROT Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 6720@ENTREZGENE sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 8636@ENTREZGENE Sjogren's syndrome nuclear autoantigen 1 O43805@SWISSPROT Sjoegren syndrome nuclear autoantigen 1 P49888@SWISSPROT Estrogen sulfotransferase C0038112 Temporalis superficialis to Middle cerebral artery 1177@ENTREZGENE statin 6783@ENTREZGENE sulfotransferase family 1E, estrogen-preferring, member 1 C0205137 "Resembling a sac" (Merriam-Webster online) saccular and located at bifurcation of artery saccular and located on side wall of artery C0038108 C0282380 C0036056 C0038111 C0036057 C0242537 C0036154 C0036186 "The vein which drains the foot and leg" (MeSH) C0036243 C0240951 "A native or inhabitant of Scandinavia or a person of Scandinavian descent" (Merriam-Webster online) C0947630 study: "A detailed critical inspection" (WordNet 3.0) Questionnaire: "Score up to 30" C0036454 "Localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0679699 "RAEB: procedures or treatment processes designed to prevent complications; e.g., modifying a drug or surgical procedure to prevent complications" (NCI Thesaurus) C1327616 GO secretion = UMLS Cell secretion "The regulated release of a substance by a cell or group of cells" [GO:ai] (Gene Ontology) C0344106 "The process of allaying nervous excitement or the state of being calmed (Taber's)" (NCI Thesaurus) "Settled to the bottom in a liquid" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) C0441291 C0036644 C0278134 C1335944 C0086972 "Referring to marital separation, ususally a precursor to divorce" C0243026 "A systemic response typically to a serious usually localized infection (as of the abdomen or lungs) especially of bacterial origin that is usually marked by abnormal body temperature and white blood cell count, tachycardia, and tachypnea; specifically : systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced by a documented infection" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C1547227 "Intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality" (WordNet 3.0) C0424990 C0239889 C0439793 "Used of the degree of something undesirable e.g. pain or weather; also, strictness" (NCI Thesaurus) C0439793 "Used of the degree of something undesirable e.g. pain or weather; also, strictness" (NCI Thesaurus) C0079399 "The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism" C0079399 "The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism" C0036919 C0332479 (1)"The spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance" (Example: "geometry is the mathematical science of shape") (2) "The visual appearance of something or someone" (Wordnet2.1) C1171318 "A stress resulting from the application of a force to a surface, in a direction parallel to that surface; it is given by the ratio of the magnitude of the force to the area of the surface over which it acts; it is the stress of gliding along each other or along the wall of the channel" (CRISP Thesaurus) Haemodynamic characterisation of aneurysm C0242807 "An absence from work permitted because of illness or the number of days per year for which an employer agrees to pay employees who are sick" (Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1981) (MeSH) C0002895 "Disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs; the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S" (CRISP Thesaurus) [Risk: Preul et al 1998/CRIM] C0037063 C1546904 "An objective evidence of disease especially as observed and interpreted by the physician rather than by the patient or lay observer" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C1152628 GO:0004871 Signal Transducer Activity "Mediates the transfer of a signal from the outside to the inside of a cell by means other than the introduction of the signal molecule itself into the cell" [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] "Proteins or peptides that participate in signal transduction processes inside or outside the cell" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) C0679083 "The act of imitating the behavior of some situation or some process by means of something suitably analogous (especially for the purpose of study or personnel training)" (WordNet 3.0) (Replacing the UMLS definition: "In cancer treatment, a process used to plan radiation therapy so that the target area is precisely located and marked" (NCI Thesaurus)) C0037173 C0752046 "A variation of a single nucleotide at a specific location of the genome due to base substitution, present at an appreciable frequency between individuals of a single interbreeding population" (NCI Thesaurus) C0040399 "Method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy: the camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the subject to capture images at multiple positions along the arc; the computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the three-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1546515 "A female sibling" (NCI Thesaurus) C1292724 specifies the type of craniotomy (operation site) C1292724 specifies the type of craniotomy (operation site) "A situation is a social object that appears in the domain of an ontology only because there is a description whose components can 'carve up' a view (setting) on that domain. A situation has to satisfy a description (see below for ways of defining the satisfies relation), and it has to be setting for at least one entity.In other words, it is the ontological counterpart (with due local differences or restrictions) of settings (situations from SC, contexts, episodes, states of affairs, structures, configurations, cases, etc.).A perdurant is usually the only mandatory constituent of a setting.Two descriptions of a same situation are possible, otherwise we would result in a solipsistic ontology. The time and space (and possibly other qualities) of a situation are the time and space of the perdurants in the setting" (DOLCE) C0456389 "The physical magnitude of something" (NCI Thesaurus) C0456389 "The physical magnitude of something" (NCI Thesaurus). C0037264 "A snow sport which uses skis to glide over the snow. It does not include water-skiing" (MeSH) C0444099 "In skin biopsy, a biopsy site is selected, a skin specimen is removed, and the sample is fixed and stained" C0206579 C0037334 C0700321 "Limited in number, quantity, magnitude or extent" (NCI Thesaurus) "Small vessel disease, also known as coronary microvascular disease or small vessel heart disease, is a condition in which the small arteries in the heart become narrowed. Small vessel disease causes signs and symptoms of heart disease, such as chest pain (angina). Small vessel disease is usually diagnosed after a doctor checks for blockages in the main arteries of the heart that cause coronary artery disease, but finds little or no narrowing and your symptoms persist" (www.mayoclinic.com) C0205357 "Having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities" (WordNet 3.0) C1135918 "Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE)" (MeSH) R.P. Secretion by vascular smooth muscles C1267092 "Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant" (From Stedman, 25th ed) (MeSH) C0428291 C0337443 "A quantitative measurement of the amount of sodium present in a (blood) sample" (NCI Thesaurus) C0037623 C0337847 "A member of a tall dark (mostly Muslim) people inhabiting Somalia" (WordNet 3.0) C0037640 C0037683 "A male human offspring" (NCI Thesaurus) C0037712 C1519427 "A person whose ancestry is in the countries of the Indian sub-continent, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka." (NCI Thesaurus) C1519428 C0022773 C0238697 C0037747 "The people of Spain" (WordNet 3.0) C0450429 "A position, site, or point in space where something can be found" (NCI Thesaurus) C0450429 "A position, site, or point in space where something can be found" (NCI Thesaurus) "Peak value in a given region at a given time or averaged in time" C0370003 "A sample or part of a thing, or of several things, taken to demonstrate or to determine the character of the whole, e.g. a substance, or portion of material obtained for use in testing, examination, or study; particularly, a preparation of tissue or bodily fluid taken for examination or diagnosis. The specimen may, or may not be representative, whereas the selected sample has to be representative" (NCI Thesaurus) C0200345 "Gathering or assemblage of a part of something intended as a representative of the whole; use for physical samples such as soil, microorganisms, chemicals, blood, etc.; do not confuse with DATA COLLECTION" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0472383 "Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhages occur with little or no warning and are frequently caused by ruptured aneurysms or blood vessel abnormalities in the brain" C0038076 "A game played in an enclosed court by two or four players who strike the ball with long-handled rackets" (WordNet 3.0) C0038088 C0808070 "The calendar date on which an activity is started" (NCI Thesaurus) C1301880 "The point in time at which an event begins" "Member of Family with Accumulation of Intracranial Aneurysms (Positive familial history of Intracranial Aneurysm) A strong risk factor for intracranial aneurysm, which causes subarachnoid haemorrhage, is a positive family history, defined as two or more first-degree relatives with subarachnoid haemorrhages (relative risk [RR]=6.6)" [Risk: Rinkel 2005/CRIM] TODO: Concept from questionnaire. To clarify with clinician: Member of family with intracranial aneurysm , or of family with aneurysm ? "State of a person treated for carotid stenosis (e.g. stenting, endarterectomy)" [Risk: Rinkel et al 1998/CRIM] TODO: introduce class "Carotid_Stenosis_Treatment" "State of a person treated with corticosteroids" TODO: Dose limit? "State of a person who suffered from subarachnoid hemorrhage (i.e. a "hemorrhage within the intracranial or spinal subarachnoid space" (CRISP Thesaurus))" C0015780 "An individual who reports belonging to the cultural gender role distinction of female" (NCI Thesaurus) [Risk: 1.Linn et al 1996/D18; 2.Rinkel et al 1998/D18; 3.Morita et al 2005/D18] C0001792 "The state of being old" (NCI Thesaurus) --> higher age: >60 years (RR 1.7 compared to < 60 years) [Risk: 1.Rinkel et al 1998/D18; 2.Morita et al 2005/D18] [Risk: 1.Feigin et al 2005/D18; 2.Morita et al 2005/D18] C0681916 "Inference about the future (or about some hypothetical situation) based on known facts and observations." (WordNet 3.0). "Any inferential mathematical derivation of an estimate of a parameter from one or more samples. Includes interval estimation." (Psychological Index Terms) Example for extrapolation in clinical/epidemiological context is the estimation of the prevalence of a disease in a population based on a screening of parts of the population, or a risk in a population based on a study. C0814897 "The ability of a statistic to reject a false hypothesis" (Psychological Index Terms) TODO: inherent in which procedure? epid. data processing? C0237881 "In statistics, a number that expresses the probability that the result of a given experiment or study could have occurred purely by chance. This number can be a margin of error or it can indicate a confidence level" (NCI Thesaurus) C0038257 "Devices conformed (e.g., molded) according to anatomic structures of the human body. Most stents are designed to provide support and/or to maintain patency within the body's tubular structures, such as blood vessels and gastrointestinal, urinary, or biliary ducts. These devices typically consist of a metallic (e.g., wire mesh) or polymeric (e.g., plastic, Silastic) tube. Metallic stents usually become a permanent implant a few weeks after deployment. Stents are typically used to keep the ducts patent after dilatation of strictures (e.g., angioplasty); some are used for anastomosis (e.g., vessel, intestinal). Several types of specialized stents are used in dentistry (e.g., antihemorrhagic, drainage, occlusal, periodontal) and maxillofacial surgery" (Universal Medical Devices Nomenclature) C0304402 "A drug that temporarily quickens some vital process" (WordNet 3.0) [Risk: Nanda et al 2000/CRIM] C1272701 Uncomplicated: "Easy and not involved or complicated" (WordNet 3.0) C0442694 "Geometrical measure of deformation respresenting the relative displacement between material points in a continuum body." (Watton) "Strain is a dimensionless quantity, which can be expressed as a decimal fraction, a percentage or in parts-per notation." (Wikipedia) TODO: temporal quality (of the deformation process) or physical quality (of the material undergoing deformation)? C0038442 Here: "(physics) force that produces strain on a physical body" (WordNet 3.0) "Measure of the amount of force exerted per unit area" (Watton) C0400807 TODO: Definition C0038454 "Sudden neurologic impairment due to a cerebrovascular disorder, either an arterial occlusion or an intracranial hemorrhage" (CRISP Thesaurus) "The number of new cases of stroke during a given period in a specified population" (MeSH, adapted) "Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures after a stroke" C1277289 Stroke Prevention Guidelines (www.stroke.org) 1. Know your blood pressure 2. Find out if you have atrial fibrillation 3. If you smoke, stop 4. If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation 5. Find out if you have high cholesterol 6. If you are diabetic 7. Exercise. 8. Enjoy a lower sodium (salt), lower fat diet 9. Circulation (movement of the blood through the heart and blood vessels) problems 10. Know the Symptoms of Stroke C0204097 Rehabilitation: "Restoration of human functions to the maximum degree possible in a person or persons suffering from disease or injury" (MeSH) TextMining Artefact. Different stroke scales in use, most important: NIH Stroke Scale "One who lives through a stroke" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) C0872085 "Therapies alone or in any combination, involved in rehabilitating and treating stroke patients; may include drug therapies ie, neuroprotectants, anticoagulants, etc; coordinate with other applicable therapy or drug terms" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0587502 "Organised stroke unit care is provided by multidisciplinary teams that exclusively manage stroke patients in a dedicated ward (stroke ward), with a mobile team (stroke team) or within a generic disability service (a mixed rehabilitation ward)" C1152906 GO:0005198 Structural Molecule Activity "The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or assembly within or outside a cell" [source: GOC:mah] C0017366 "Biological macromolecule which is a segment of a DNA molecule and which consists of sets of nucleotide pairs organized into regions of coding, noncoding and regulatory sequences". (FMA) Gene names from EntrezGene (usually provided by HGNC) source of information: textmining C0582263 "Proteins whose major function is to give shape and support to tissues, cells, and subcellular structures" (NCI Thesaurus) C0079323 R.P. "Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ)" (MeSH) C0038492 "Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program" (MeSH) C0747302 "Someone who takes part in a scientific study" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) C0205365 "Falling between acute and chronic in character especially when closer to acute; less marked in severity or duration than a corresponding acute state" (Merriam-Webster online) "An aggregation of blood factors in the subarachnoid space" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) C0038525 "Hemorrhage within the intracranial or spinal subarachnoid space" (CRISP Thesaurus). C0038527 "Space between arachnoid and pia mater, containing cerebrospinal fluid and bridged by trabeculae" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1280737 "The proximal part of the main artery of the arm that arises on the right side from the brachiocephalic artery and on the left side from the arch of the aorta, that extends from its point of origin to the outer border of the first rib where it becomes the axillary artery and passes through the axilla and into the arm to become the brachial artery, and that supplies or gives off branches supplying the brain, neck, anterior wall of the thorax, and shoulder" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0226159 "The tortuous portion of the internal carotid artery located within the cavernous sinus; it has numerous small branches" (Cancerweb OMD) C0226160 "The portion of the internal carotid artery that supplies the brain; its branches are: superior hypophyseal, clival, ophthalmic, anterior choroidal, anterior cerebral, and middle cerebral" (Cancerweb OMD) C0007799 "Cavities within the brain which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid, including the two lateral, the third, and linked by the aqueduct, the fourth ventricles; lined by ependyma which in certain regions, is invaginated by vascular fringes of pia mater to form the choroid plexuses" (CRISP Thesaurus) "Tiny branches that supply the clivus" (www.wikipedia.org) C0162859 "The two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, one on each side, and at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, each divides into two branches, the external (CAROTID ARTERY, EXTERNAL) and internal (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL) carotid arteries" (MeSH) C0010090 "The main neocortical commissure of the cerebral hemispheres; it is subdivided into a genu, a rostrum, a body, and a splenium" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0230041 "The anatomical space encased by the bones of the skull which contain the brain (the brain case)" (biology-online.org, adapted) C0007275 "Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the exterior of the head, the face, and the greater part of the neck" (MeSH) C0007276 "Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and its appendages, the forehead and nose" (MeSH) C0152279 "Cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM, and each communicates with the THIRD VENTRICLE by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses (CHOROID PLEXUS) of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle" (MeSH) C0226158 "The part of the internal carotid artery in the carotid canal; its branches are carotidotympanic arteries and the artery of the pterygoid canal" (Cancerweb OMD) "Space between arachnoid and pia mater, containing cerebrospinal fluid and bridged by trabeculae" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0038530 "The proximal part of the main artery of the arm that arises on the right side from the brachiocephalic artery and on the left side from the arch of the aorta, that extends from its point of origin to the outer border of the first rib where it becomes the axillary artery and passes through the axilla and into the arm to become the brachial artery, and that supplies or gives off branches supplying the brain, neck, anterior wall of the thorax, and shoulder" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0018946 "Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status" (MeSH) C0038541 "A fluid-filled space or potential space between the dura mater and the arachnoid" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0442187 C0442188 C1272703 "Having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome" (WordNet 3.0) C0038642 "The Sunda, the largest Indonesian unreached people group, are the original inhabitants of West Jawa (Java). The Betawi are considered the original inhabitants of Jakarta." (www.joshuaproject.net) C0205124 "Of, affecting, or being on or near the surface" (WordNet 3.0) C0226130 "The one of the two terminal branches of each external carotid artery that arises in the substance of the parotid gland, passes upward over the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, and is distributed by way of branches especially to the more superficial parts of the side of the face and head" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C1269880 FMA: arterial supply of cerebellum, mesencephalon C1261387 "A small branch of the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery supplying the hypophysis" (Online Medical Dictionary by cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk) C0226859 "An unpaired dural venous sinus in the sagittal groove, beginning at the foramen caecum and terminating at the confluence of sinuses where it merges with the straight sinus; receives the superior cerebral veins and has lateral extensions, the lateral venous lacunae" (www.biology-online.org/dictionary) Supportive care related to aneurysm therapy supportive care: "Supportive care is that which helps the patient and their family to cope with cancer and treatment of it from pre-diagnosis, through the process of diagnosis and treatment, to cure, continuing illness or death and into bereavement. It helps the patient to maximize the benefits of treatment and to live as well as possible with the effects of the disease. Supportive therapy may provide a patient with friendship, encouragement, practical advice such as access to community resources or how to develop a more active social life, vocational counseling, suggestions for minimizing friction with family members, and, above all, hope that the life of the patient may be improved. In all situations, supportive therapy involves the teaching of such life skills as managing medication, learning to socialize, handling finances, and getting a job" (NCI Thesaurus) C1302630 "Supportive surgery is used to performed to help other treatments work more effectively, for example in cancer treatment" "The extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary" (WordNet 3.0) As an anatomical surface is defined as a non-physical endurant, its qualities have to be defined as abstract qualities. Morphological characterisation of aneurysm C0449582 "A measure of the variation of the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness, regularity, and resiliency. The term is often used as a descriptor for the structure or organization of a tissue or organ. The three principal approaches used to describe texture are statistical, structural and spectral" (NCI Thesaurus) C0582175 "A doctor who removes or repairs a part of the body by operating on the patient" (NCI Thesaurus) C0677612 C0038917 "Clips designed for temporary atraumatic (i.e., without intentionally piercing) attachment or occlusion of anatomic structures (e.g., blood vessels, fallopian tubes) and/or small ancillary devices (e.g., towels, drapes, bandages) during surgical procedures. These clips are typically small (usually metal) instruments with two blades joined at the midportion or made from a single alpha-shaped part and permit only a small jaw opening, have a normally closed resting state, and do not include a handle or other proximal attachment. They can be delivered manually or with an instrument such as dedicated forceps. Surgical clips are used for skin and internal suturing, vascular hemostasis, and temporary occlusion of other anatomic ducts and can hold surgical instruments and/or other small ancillary devices" (Universal Medical Devices Nomenclature) Aneurysm surgery surgical therapy: "A Surgical Procedure is a diagnostic or treatment medical procedure performed by manual and/or instrumental means, often involving an incision and the removal or replacement of a diseased organ or tissue" (NCI Thesaurus) C0038941 "Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision" (MeSH) C0038944 C1301584 "The name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)" (WordNet 3.0) C0456370 "Believed likely" (Wordnet 3.0) "A member of a West African people of Mali, Guinea, and the area along the northern border of Sierra Leone" (Merriam-Webster online) C0038976 C0038983 C0038995 C0039003 "An activity in which the body is propelled through water by specific movement of the arms and/or the legs. Swimming as propulsion through water by the movement of limbs, tail, or fins of animals is often studied as a form of EXERTION or endurance" (MeSH) C0039021 TODO: Classification correct? Term from Questionnaire - to which artery/arteries does this term refer? [Risk: 1.Rinkel et al 1998/D18; 2.Morita et al 2005/D18] C0039138 C0923282 "Arterial tree (organ) connected to the left ventricle. Examples: There is only one systemic arterial tree (organ)" (Digital Anatomist) C0871470 "The blood pressure during the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart" (NCI Thesaurus) 6863@ENTREZGENE tachykinin, precursor 1 (substance K, substance P, neurokinin 1, neurokinin 2, neuromedin L, neurokinin alpha, neuropeptide K, neuropeptide gamma) 23216@ENTREZGENE TBC1 (tre-2/USP6, BUB2, cdc16) domain family, member 1 Q86TI0@SWISSPROT TBC1 domain family member 1 P04053@SWISSPROT DNA nucleotidylexotransferase P24821@SWISSPROT Tenascin [Precursor] P02786@SWISSPROT Transferrin receptor protein 1 7037@ENTREZGENE transferrin receptor (p90, CD71) 7018@ENTREZGENE transferrin P13726@SWISSPROT Tissue factor [Precursor] 7039@ENTREZGENE transforming growth factor, alpha P01135@SWISSPROT Transforming growth factor alpha [Precursor] 7040@ENTREZGENE transforming growth factor, beta 1 P01137@SWISSPROT Transforming growth factor beta-1 [Precursor] 8167@ENTREZGENE transforming growth factor, beta-1 response element 7038@ENTREZGENE thyroglobulin P10827@SWISSPROT Thyroid hormone receptor alpha P05543@SWISSPROT Thyroxine-binding globulin [Precursor] 7067@ENTREZGENE thyroid hormone receptor, alpha (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-a) oncogene homolog, avian) P00734@SWISSPROT Prothrombin [Precursor] Q16762@SWISSPROT Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase P01266@SWISSPROT Thyroglobulin [Precursor] 7076@ENTREZGENE TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 P01033@SWISSPROT Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 [Precursor] 7077@ENTREZGENE TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 P16035@SWISSPROT Metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 [Precursor] 7078@ENTREZGENE TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (Sorsby fundus dystrophy, pseudoinflammatory) P35625@SWISSPROT Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 [Precursor] P20366@SWISSPROT Protachykinin 1 [Precursor] 83857@ENTREZGENE transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat containing 1 3371@ENTREZGENE tenascin C (hexabrachion) P01375@SWISSPROT Tumor necrosis factor [Precursor] 23495@ENTREZGENE tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 13B 7124@ENTREZGENE tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) 7137@ENTREZGENE troponin I type 3 (cardiac) P19429@SWISSPROT Troponin I, cardiac muscle P00750@SWISSPROT Tissue-type plasminogen activator [Precursor] 7173@ENTREZGENE thyroid peroxidase O14836@SWISSPROT Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B P02787@SWISSPROT Serotransferrin [Precursor] 7200@ENTREZGENE thyrotropin-releasing hormone P20396@SWISSPROT Thyroliberin [Precursor] P62079@SWISSPROT Tetraspanin-5 10098@ENTREZGENE Tetraspanin 5 7263@ENTREZGENE thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese) P02766@SWISSPROT Transthyretin [Precursor] 7276@ENTREZGENE transthyretin (prealbumin, amyloidosis type I) C1556096 "Denotes the inhabitants of Taiwan, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0039260 C0039247 C0039263 "A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy" (MeSH) C0337946 "A member of the mixed Dravidian and Caucasian people of southern India and Sri Lanka" (WordNet 3.0) C0039298 C0221457 "Person whose occupation is to teach or instruct" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0039476 "A specific degree of hot or cold as indicated on or referred to a standard scale" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0039476 "A specific degree of hot or cold as indicated on or referred to a standard scale" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0039485 "Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere." (MeSH) "Surgical removal of the temporal lobe" (NCI Thesaurus, adapted) "The mean value at a given location and a given period of time (e.g. temporal mean of blood pressure or velocity or ...)" "The mean value at the peak location in a given period of time" C0243132 "An instance of something happening, such as an event or incident" (NCI Thesaurus) C0243132 "An instance of something happening, such as an event or incident" (NCI Thesaurus) "The peak value in a given region and a given period of time (e.g. temporal peak of blood pressure or velocity or ...)" C0152283 "inferior horn of lateral ventricle" C0039515 "A game played by two or four players with rackets and an elastic ball on a level court divided by a low net" (MeSH) C1182594 "A small branch from the cavernous part of the internal carotid artery to the base of the tentorium" (Cancerweb OMD) C1182597 "A small branch from the cavernous part of the internal carotid artery to the free margin of the tentorium" (Cancerweb OMD) C0730313 "The syndrome of retinal or vitreous hemorrhage in association with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is known as Terson's syndrome" C0449910 CRIM: Situation in which the Mini Mental State Test is performed C0449910 CRIM: Situation in which the Mini Mental State Test is performed "This testing involves temporarily blocking off the blood flow in the vessel we are interested in permanently blocking" (http://www.aneurysm-stroke.com/balloon.php) "The physical composition of something (especially with respect to the size and shape of the small constituents of a substance)" (WordNet 3.0) "The physical composition of something (especially with respect to the size and shape of the small constituents of a substance)" (WordNet 3.0) C0337910 "Denotes the inhabitants of Thailand, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0039725 C0472376 C0039729 "Dorsal-most segment of the diencephalon that has as its parts the anterior nuclear group, midline nuclear group, intralaminar nuclear group, lateral nuclear group, ventral nuclear group, metathalamus, posterior nuclear group, thalamic reticular nucleus and thalamic fiber tracts" (FMA) C0013931 "A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage" (MeSH) C0087111 Therapeutic Procedure "Broad term with many narrower terms that can apply more specifically to most projects; it should be used ONLY when specific narrower therapy terms do not apply, e.g., if a project is dealing with drugs in therapy, do not index drugs and therapy, index instead the particular drugs plus chemotherapy or the specific type of chemotherapy" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0039807 "Measurement of blood flow based on induction at one point of the circulation of a known change in the intravascular heat content of flowing blood and detection of the resultant change in temperature at a point downstream" (MeSH) C0005905 "The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature" (MeSH) C0412806 "Attaining and/or maintaining body temperature within a normal range" (Nursing Interventions Classification) C1280412 Here:"the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width" (WordNet 3.0) C0149555 "A narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the HYPOTHALAMUS, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by EPENDYMA. It communicates with the FOURTH VENTRICLE by the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT, and with the LATERAL VENTRICLES by the interventricular foramina" (MeSH) "3D angiography images are obtained by reconstruction of a rotational angiography acquisition done on a C-arm (GE Medical Systems) spinning at 40 degrees per second. The carotid or vertebral selective injection of a total of 15 ml of non-ionic contrast media at 3 ml/sec over 5 seconds allows the selection of the "arterial phase"" (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10048268) C0887832 "The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object" (MeSH) C0040044 "Use of infusions of fibrinolytic agents to destroy or dissolve thrombi in blood vessels or bypass grafts" (MeSH) C0040046 "Inflammation of a vein associated with thrombus formation" (MeSH) C1265766 C0040053 "Formation and development of a THROMBUS or blood clot in the blood vessel" (MeSH) "A member of the predominant people of Tibet and adjacent areas of Asia" (Merriam-Webster online) C1442880 A particular date or time of day as a quality of a process or procedure - defining the beginning and the end of the process or procedure. Timor: "An island at the south end of the Malay Archipelago, north of the Timor Sea" (Wikipedia) C1282918 "Very small or diminutive" (Merriam-Webster online) C0040300 "Organ part, which is uncountable and consists of similarly specialized cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships; together with other tissues, it constitutes an organ component. Examples: epithelium, muscle (tissue), connective tissue, neural tissue, lymphoid tissue" (Digital Anatomist) C1292533 "A piece of tissue removed from an organism for examination, analysis, or propagation" (NCI Thesaurus) C0450424 "Directed toward the side of the body to the west when facing north" (WordNet 3.0) C0546911 "Directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north" (WordNet 3.0) C0543414 Questionnaire: Number of Cigarettes/day [Risk: 1.Feigin et al 2005/CRIM; 2.Rinkel 2005/CRIM] C0040363 C0220928 C0040407 "An ethnic group indigenous to a mountainous region of South Sulawesi, Indonesia" (Wikipedia) C1859726 TODO: create entity type "Tortuosity" (morphologic abnomality)? C0741987 ToDo: which Carotid artery? C0040648 "Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process" (MeSH) C0205374 "Not permanent; not lasting; lacking continuity or regularity" (NCI Thesaurus) C0007787 "Recurring, transient episodes of neurologic dysfunction caused by cerebral ischemia; onset is usually sudden, often when the patient is active; the attack may last a few seconds to several hours; neurologic symptoms depend on the artery involved" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0007787 "Recurring, transient episodes of neurologic dysfunction caused by cerebral ischemia; onset is usually sudden, often when the patient is active; the attack may last a few seconds to several hours; neurologic symptoms depend on the artery involved" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0339897 "A type of surgical portasystemic shunt to reduce portal hypertension with associated complications of esophageal varices and ascites. It is performed percutaneously through the jugular vein and involves the creation of an intrahepatic shunt between the hepatic vein and portal vein. The channel is maintained by a metallic stent. The procedure can be performed in patients who have failed sclerotherapy and is an additional option to the surgical techniques of portocaval, mesocaval, and splenorenal shunts. It takes one to three hours to perform. (JAMA 1995;273(23):1824-30)" (MeSH) C0596902 "Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport ( BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS" (MeSH) C0403099 Transport: "The commercial enterprise of moving goods and materials" (WordNet 3.0) "Exclusion of a part of an artery from blood stream" C1527161 C0578998 Here: Triangular surface mesh representing aneurysm and vasculature in the context of flow simulation C0040996 "Fifth and largest cranial nerve, a mixed motor and sensory nerve; the larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular and maxillary nerves, and the smaller motor part inervates the muscles of mastication" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0041061 C0041159 "The 4th cranial nerve. The trochlear nerve carries the motor innervation of the superior oblique muscles of the eye" (MeSH) C0041341 "Autosomal dominant disease characterized principally by the presences of hamartomas of the brain, retina, and visera; clinical manifestations include mental retardation, seizures, and adenoma sebaceum of the face" (CRISP Thesaurus) [Risk: 1.Jurkjewicz et al 2006/CRIM; 2.Jones et al 2002/CRIM; 3.Beltramello et al 1999/CRIM] Tukangbesi: "Tukangbesi Islands is a group of islands off the coast of Sulawesi immediately west of Buton island in the Banda Sea region, and part of Sulawesi Tenggara" (Wikipedia) C0225342 "The outer connective tissue layer of the blood vessel wall. The adventitia consists of longitudinally arranged collagen fibers, elastic fibers, smooth muscle, fibroblasts, nerves and the vasa vasorum. It is thicker in veins than in arteries" (NCI Thesaurus) C0162864 "The innermost coat of blood vessels, consisting of a thin lining of endothelial cells longitudinally oriented and continuous with the endothelium of capillaries on the one hand and the endocardium of the heart on the other" (MeSH) " Innermost layer, whose main component, the endothelium, lines the entire vascular tree" (Gray's 99 for: Tunica intima of artery) C0162867 "The middle coat of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel" (MeSH) "Made of muscle tissue, elastic fibers and collagen, thickest layer in arteries, absent in capillaries, thin in veins" (Gray's 99, for: Tunica media of artery) C0026724 "In the alimentary tract, subdivided into three strata, the lining epithelium, the lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae (thin layer of smooth muscle)" (Gray's 99:1747) C0225344 "A layer of areolar tissue beneath the mucous membrane" (NCI Thesaurus) C0041388 C0337911 "A member of any of numerous Asian peoples speaking Turkic languages who live in a region extending from the Balkans to eastern Siberia and western China" (Merriam-Webster online) C0549217 "A native or inhabitant of Turkey" (Merriam-Webster online) C0041403 C0041405 C0041408 "Genetic disease that produces sterile females due to monosomy for X chromosome; the ovaries are rudimentary or missing; other abnormalities include short stature, webbed neck, and a broad chest with widely spaced nipples" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0041413 P00749@SWISSPROT Urokinase-type plasminogen activator [Precursor] C0041573 C0041580 C0041618 "The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz" (MeSH) C0442739 "Not made or become different" (WordNet 3.0) C0041657 "Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0041674 Unemployment: "The state of not being engaged in a gainful occupation" (MeSH) "No change in patient's impaired status" C1519795 "A named quantity in terms of which other quantities are measured or specified, used as a standard measurement of same kinds" (NCI Thesaurus) C0041698 C0041700 C1519796 C0041703 C0042752 C1140618 "The region of the upper limb in animals, extending from the deltoid region to the HAND, and including the ARM; AXILLA; and SHOULDER" (MeSH) Urdu: "The official literary language of Pakistan, closely related to Hindi; widely used in India (mostly by Moslems); written in Arabic script" (WordNet 3.0) C0042029 "Infections affecting stuctures participating in the secretion and elimination of urine: the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0042113 C0042177 7412@ENTREZGENE vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 P19320@SWISSPROT Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 [Precursor] P15692@SWISSPROT Vascular endothelial growth factor A [Precursor] 7422@ENTREZGENE vascular endothelial growth factor A P17948@SWISSPROT Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 [Precursor] 7428@ENTREZGENE von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor P40337@SWISSPROT Von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor P08670@SWISSPROT Vimentin 7431@ENTREZGENE vimentin 7432@ENTREZGENE vasoactive intestinal peptide P01282@SWISSPROT VIP peptides [Precursor] 7436@ENTREZGENE very low density lipoprotein receptor P98155@SWISSPROT Very low-density lipoprotein receptor [Precursor] P04004@SWISSPROT Vitronectin [Precursor] 7448@ENTREZGENE vitronectin 7450@ENTREZGENE von Willebrand factor P04275@SWISSPROT von Willebrand factor [Precursor] C0042276 "The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx)" (MeSH) C0042293 "Forced expiratory effort against a closed GLOTTIS" (MeSH) Vanuatu: "A group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia" (NCI Thesaurus) C0042321 C1705098 "Any characteristic or attribute that can be measured." (NCI Thesaurus) C0042345 "Enlarged and tortuous VEINS" (MeSH) C0021775 Intermittent claudication "A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE" (MeSH) C0179992 "A vascular clip is an implanted extravascular device designed to occlude, by compression, blood flow in small blood vessels other than intracranial vessels" (Standard Product Nomenclature) C0042373 "Condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of the blood vessels" (CRISP Thesaurus) C1402315 C0158570 "A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases" (MeSH) represents (parts of) vasculature of a patient C1096458 "Vessel Occlusion; vascular obstruction. General term for blockage of blood flow through arteries or veins; do not confuse with the blockages that are used with therapeutic intent for this use THERAPEUTIC BLOOD VESSEL OCCLUSION" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0870047 C0183521 "Stents designed for deployment into the vessels to provide support for and/or maintain patency within the vasculature. These devices typically consist of a metallic or synthetic scaffolding (e.g., mesh, coil, slotted tube) and are available in several different shapes (e.g., straight, bent, bifurcated) to adapt to particular sections of the vasculature or to prevent migration. Some metallic stents are either balloon expandable or self-expanding; their surface may be coated to add special capabilities to the stent (e.g., to reduce protein and/or platelet adhesion, to elute drugs). Vascular stents are mostly used to reduce vascular recoil or narrowing (i.e., restenosis) of the vessels, especially in the coronary arteries" (Universal Medical Devices Nomenclature) C0920959 "Hollow tree, the organ parts of which are arteries, veins or lymphatic vessels. Examples: systemic arterial tree (organ), portal venous tree (organ), thoracic duct tree" (Digital Anatomist) C0042384 "Inflammation of a blood vessel" (MeSH) C0042397 "An agent that induces or initiates vasoconstriction" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0085616 "Spasm of the blood vessels resulting in decrease in their caliber" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0042427 "A function whose domain and range are both sets of vector quantities" (Vector Calculus Website) Morphologic characterisation of aneurysm (D12 V2) TODO:check Classification. Is this a field or a single vector? C0042440 "Any of various herbaceous plants cultivated for an edible part such as the fruit or the root of the beet or the leaf of spinach or the seeds of bean plants or the flower buds of broccoli or cauliflower" (WordNet 3.0) C0042449 "Vessel carrying blood towards the heart" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0439830 "Distance travelled per unit time" (WordNet 3.0) C0042469 C0450432 C0678862 = Blood Outflow C0340766 "Increased pressure in the veins" "The flow of blood from the venous system into the right atrium of the heart" (Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary online) C0226504 "A wide channel containing blood; does not have the coating of an ordinary blood vessel" (WordNet 3.0) C0920821 "Vascular tree, the organ parts of which are veins. Examples: There are only three canonical instances, systemic venous tree (organ), pulmonary venous tree (organ) and portal venous tree (organ)" (Digital Anatomist) C0948930 C1269015 C0923723 C0042571 "Illusory sense that either the environment or one's own body is revolving; may result from disease of the inner ear or disturbances of the vestibular centers or pathways" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0005847 "General anatomical term which describes an elongated, organ part, the trilaminar wall of which consists of tunica intima, media and adventitia; its lumen (organ cavity) is continuous with the cavity of the heart, directly or indirectly through the branches of arteries and the tributaries of veins; it conveys blood between the heart and other organs and body parts; together with other blood vessels and the heart, it constitutes the cardiovascular system. Examples: aorta, pulmonary trunk, coronary artery, superior vena cava, renal artery, renal vein" (Digital Anatomist) TODO: Definition C1180033 C0001162 "Cranial nerve concerned with hearing, balance and head position; the 8th cranial nerve which branches into two parts, a cochlear part integral to hearing and a vestibular part which mediates the sense of balance and head position; also called the vestibulocochlear nerve" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0042658 C1561452 "Denotes the inhabitants of Viet Nam, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere" (NCI Thesaurus) C0042798 "Vision considered to be inferior to normal vision as represented by accepted standards of acuity, field of vision, or motility. Low vision generally refers to visual disorders that are caused by diseases that cannot be corrected by refraction (e.g., MACULAR DEGENERATION; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, etc.)" (MeSH) C0150404 "Actions performed to measure temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure" (Home Health Care Classification) C0449468 "The amount of three dimensional space occupied by an object or the capacity of a space or container" (NCI Thesaurus) Morphodynamic characterisation of aneurysm (D12 V2): aneurysm volume during the cardiac cycle C0019562 "Autosomal dominant disorder associated with cerebellar and retinal neoplasms; the most common manifestations are neurologic deficits associated with intracranial hemangioblastomas which may hemorrhage, causing ataxia, intracranial hypertension, and other signs of neurologic dysfunction" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0439648 "A powerful circular current of fluid, e.g. blood, (usually the result of conflicting tides)" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) "Volumetric Picture Element ((computer science). The smallest discrete component of a volumetric image)" (Wordnet 3.0, adapted) TODO: Definition World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade GCS 15, no focal deficit GCS 13-14, no focal deficit GCS 13-14, focal deficit GCS 7-12 (with or without focal deficit) World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade "Score used for assessment of initial neurological status after SAH. Combines GCS and presence of focal signs (as aphasia, hemiparesis)" (SH) GCS 3-6 (with or without focal deficit) C0080331 "An activity in which the body advances at a slow to moderate pace by moving the feet in a coordinated fashion. This includes recreational walking, walking for fitness, and competitive race-walking" (MeSH) "The viscous frictional force of blood that acts parallel to the vessel wall" TODO: Definition of Decreased/Normal/Increased Wall_Shear_Stress C0507850 C0850303 C0332174 "Of or occurring every seven days" (WordNet 3.0) C0043092 "A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damages in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and kidneys (GLOMERULONEPHRITIS). Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against neutrophil proteinase-3 (WEGENER AUTOANTIGEN)" (MeSH) C0043100 "The vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity" (NCI Thesaurus) C1456705 "A system of conditioning involving lifting weights especially for strength and endurance" (Merriam-Webster online) C1520135 C0220938 "Being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness; having little or no hue owing to reflection of almost all incident light" (WordNet 3.0) C0427511 UMLS: White Blood Cell Finding, Questionnaire: WBC "A WBC count is a blood test to measure the number of white blood cells (WBCs)" (medline plus) C0682708 "Cell part cluster consisting of neurites in the brain and the spinal cord" (FMA, for "white matter of neuraxis") "White nervous tissue constituting the conducting portion of the brain and spinal cord" (CRISP Thesaurus) C0206275 "The state of having lost a marital partner by death" C0487742 "The extent or measurement of something from side to side" (NCI Thesaurus) --> WFNS score for clinical state after SAH. CRIM "Clinical Grading" C1457868 "Growing worse" (WordNet 3.0, adapted) C0445414 "wrapping of the aneurysm e.g. with muscle or teflon" C0040405 "Radiography in which a three dimensional image of a body structure is constructed by computer from a series of plane cross sectional images made along an axis" (CRISP Thesaurus) "In this imaging procedure, the patient inhales xenon, which enters the blood and then diffuses across the blood-brain barrier. Areas of the brain with low blood flow as a result of stroke or blood vessel blockages receive less xenon, which, because it has a high atomic number relative to body fluids and tissues, can be easily measured through a CT scanner. This relatively expensive procedure is useful for evaluating blood flow in the brain and cerebrovascular disease" C0863146 "Of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk" (WordNet 3.0) C0043402 "A system of exercises practiced as part of the Hindu discipline to promote control of the body and mind" (WordNet 3.0) C0043436 C0043445 C0923372 C0933455 C0447034 C0923404 C0926974 "Organ Region with floating fiat boundary. Arbitrary morphological organ part which is an arbitrary morphological part of an organ. Examples: apex of heart (zone), base of lung (zone)" (FMA, Digital Anatomist) C0923794 C0923719 P05408@SWISSPROT Neuroendocrine protein 7B2 [Precursor] The main characteristic of endurants is that all of them are independent essential wholes. This does not mean that the corresponding property (being an endurant) carries proper unity, since there is no common unity criterion for endurants. Endurants can 'genuinely' change in time, in the sense that the very same endurant as a whole can have incompatible properties at different times. To see this, suppose that an endurant - say 'this paper' - has a property at a time t 'it's white', and a different, incompatible property at time t' 'it's yellow': in both cases we refer to the whole object, without picking up any particular part of it. Within endurants, we distinguish between physical and non-physical endurants, according to whether they have direct spatial qualities. Within physical endurants, we distinguish between amounts of matter, objects, and features. Perdurants (AKA occurrences) comprise what are variously called events, processes, phenomena, activities and states. They can have temporal parts or spatial parts. For instance, the first movement of (an execution of) a symphony is a temporal part of the symphony. On the other hand, the play performed by the left side of the orchestra is a spatial part. In both cases, these parts are occurrences themselves. We assume that objects cannot be parts of occurrences, but rather they participate in them. Perdurants extend in time by accumulating different temporal parts, so that, at any time they are present, they are only partially present, in the sense that some of their proper temporal parts (e.g., their previous or future phases) may be not present. E.g., the piece of paper you are reading now is wholly present, while some temporal parts of your reading are not present yet, or any more. Philosophers say that endurants are entities that are in time, while lacking temporal parts (so to speak, all their parts flow with them in time). Perdurants, on the contrary, are entities that happen in time, and can have temporal parts (all their parts are fixed in time).