• current wiki systems
  • existing systems, their types, their shortcomings
  • AceWiki
• generalization
• current implementation
• (no evaluation results yet)

• wiki
  • user-friendly collaborative environment for knowledge management
  • powered by software, e.g. MediaWiki
  • e.g. Wikipedia
• semantic wiki (= wiki + formal semantics)
  • provides: richer query language, consistency checking (via automatic reasoning)
  • software: Semantic Mediawiki, ...
• CNL-based semantic wiki (= semantic wiki using CNL)
  • formal languages hidden
  • software: AceWiki
• multilingual wiki
  • authoring in multiple (natural) languages
  • current systems: only document-level interlinking

• goal: user-friendly yet expressive semantic wiki system
• wiki features: collaborative editing, multiple interlinked articles
• background reasoning language: OWL
  • expressive fragment of first-order logic
  • decidable reasoning tasks: consistency checking, question answering, ...
  • complex syntax
• front-end language: ACE
  • subset of natural English
  • well-defined translation into first-order logic / OWL
  • end-user documentation: construction and interpretation rules
• developed by Tobias Kuhn
• see more: http://attempto.ifi.uzh.ch/acewiki/

• single natural language
  • ACE (OWL-compatible subset)
• single formal language
  • ACE (OWL-compatible subset)
• grammar not modifiable
  • ACE grammar
  • ACE->OWL mapping
• ambiguity not supported
• single reasoner
  • OWL-reasoner (although: multiple implementations/subsets)

• multilingual
  • multilingual interface for editing and querying
  • synchronized multilingual content
• CNL-based
  • backed by formal grammar(s)
  • formal languages are hidden
• semantic
  • notions of consistency, entailment, automatic Q&A
• wiki
  • collaborative
  • easy to use

• multiple languages
  • natural: English, German, ACE, ...
  • formal: ACE, Sage, ...
  • languages for content, UI, meta information
• multiple grammars
  • ACE (or its subsets)
  • mathematical expressions
  • tourist phrasebook expressions
  • ...
• multiple reasoners
  • ACE-based (i.e. DRS-based: RACE, OWL, SWRL, TPTP, ...)
  • math reasoners, e.g. Sage, WolframAlpha
  • ...

• multiple languages for
  • content
  • UI (labels etc.)
  • meta queries (authors, edits)
• the content
  • viewable/editable/queryable in multiple languages
  • automatically kept in sync
• some languages are formal, i.e. they are (mainly) meant for the reasoners

• different grammars in different sections of the wiki
• collaborative grammar engineering
  • full grammar editor
  • UI for adding/editing words and their forms

Syntactic vs semantic reasoning

• syntactic
  • e.g. "for a given sentence, show me all the syntactically similar sentences"
• semantic (e.g. ACE-based, math reasoning)
  • consistency checking
  • Q&A
  • ...
  • explanation of reasoning results

• collaborative
• based on translation
  • ambiguity is revealed in another language
• based on semantic reasoning
  • remove the reading that would introduce inconsistency or redundancy

• multilingual ACE wiki
  • as AceWiki, but in multiple natural languages
  • collaborative design (grammar editing, regression test sentences)
• tourist phrasebook
  • book structure (ToC, chapters, index)
  • multiple languages
  • grammar editing
• catalog of museum objects (paintings, painters)
  • each object on a separate wiki page
  • multiple languages
  • linking and queries (list works of a given artist in a given period)
• math exercises
  • multiple user solutions
  • automatically checked

• Attempto Controlled English (ACE)
  • first-order language with English syntax
  • offers reasoning via Discourse Representation Structures
• AceWiki
  • ACE-based wiki
  • OWL reasoning
• Grammatical Framework (GF)
  • framework for building multilingual CNLs
  • various tools and libraries

Needed:

• integration of AceWiki with GF services
• implementation of the ACE syntax in GF

• functional programming language for grammar engineering
• expressivity beyond context-free
• parsing and generation (linearizing)
• focus on multilinguality
  • multiple concrete grammars
  • common single abstract grammar (language-neutral)
  • translate = parse to abstract tree + linearize into a concrete language
• special support for natural language features
  • long-distance dependencies
  • word form generation
  • Resource Grammar Library (RGL)

currently based on the GF Webservice and the GF online editor

• wiki entry is GF abstract tree set
  • viewed via linearization
  • expresses ambiguity
• access to multiple online GF grammars
  • provided by GF webservice
  • single grammar per wiki
• multilingual viewing and editing of wiki content
  • look-ahead editing
• presentation of the GF-analysis of sentences
  • translations, word alignment diagrams, GF syntax trees, ...
• grammar editing using the online GF editor
  • http://cloud.grammaticalframework.org/gfse/

Mapping between multiple natural and formal languages via ACE/DRS.

Needed:

• implementation of the ACE syntax in GF

• implementation of the ACE syntax (i.e. no DRS generation)
• available in 10 natural languages via the RGL
  • Cat, Dut, Eng, Fin, Fre, Ger, Ita, Spa, Swe, Urd
  • design allows for easy extendability
• focus on the AceWiki subset
  • less over-generation in the AceWiki context
• almost 100% coverage at almost 0% ambiguity
• some precision problems
  • anaphoric references
• based on Angelov and Ranta (CNL 2009)
• see http://github.com/Attempto/ACE-in-GF

• structuring the content
  • multiple articles
  • sentence order
• viewing/querying the content
  • dynamic views based on queries over the GF abstract trees
• integrate various external reasoning tools
• evaluate with real content and real users

• AceWiki repository on GitHub (source code history, wiki, issues list)
  • http://github.com/AceWiki
  • GF-based: http://github.com/AceWiki/AceWiki/tree/gfservice
• ACE-in-GF
  • http://github.com/Attempto/ACE-in-GF
• Attempto project
  • http://attempto.ifi.uzh.ch
• Grammatical Framework
  • http://www.grammaticalframework.org/
• MOLTO project: Multilingual Online Translation
  • http://www.molto-project.eu