<div dir="ltr"><div>Forgot one thing :<br>./ape.exe -cparaphrase -cdrspp -cdrs -guess -text 'A man sees a girl with a red skirt.'<br> <paraphrase>There is a man X1.<br>The man X1 sees a girl with a red skirt.</paraphrase><br>
<br></div>The two meanings are exactly the same for me.<br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">2013/1/28 Norbert E. Fuchs <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:fuchs@ifi.uzh.ch" target="_blank">fuchs@ifi.uzh.ch</a>></span><br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div class="im"><br>
On 27 Jan 2013, at 23:53 , Simon Spero <<a href="mailto:sesuncedu@gmail.com">sesuncedu@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
> On Sun, Jan 27, 2013 at 12:15 PM, Norbert E. Fuchs <<a href="mailto:fuchs@ifi.uzh.ch">fuchs@ifi.uzh.ch</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
> In my view, natural English and controlled English are conceptually different languages that need a human translator.<br>
<br>
</div>This sentence – seen in isolation – could be misunderstood. Perhaps I should have been more careful when I wrote it.<br>
<br>
In the context of Jean-Marc's message<br>
<br>
> ... Would that make sense to train a text machine learning algorithm witt texts in natural english and their translation in ACE? ...<br>
<br>
and the rest of my message the sentence was meant as<br>
<br>
In my view, natural English and controlled English are conceptually different languages and you need a human translator for the translation from natural English to controlled English.<br>
<br>
> ... I would claim that any controlled version C of a natural language L must be a subset of L, such that every sentence in C is a sentence of L;<br>
<br>
I would write "grammatical subset" since the semantics may differ. The sentence "A man sees a girl with a red skirt." does have different meanings in English and in ACE.<br>
<br>
However, to make the grammatical rules of a controlled language consistent, you may end up violating the pragmatics of the respective natural language. An example is ACE's rule "Phrasal particles and those prepositions that introduce a complement of a transitive verb, must be hyphenated to the verb." Thus both "John turns-off the light." and "There is a light. John turns-off it." are accepted by the ACE parser. The first example obeys English pragmatics, the second not.<br>
<div class="im"><br>
> that every sentence in C has a single parse,<br>
<br>
</div>Though ACE texts have a single parse, there are other controlled subsets of English that allow more than one parse.<br>
<div class="im"><br>
> and that this parse must be a possible parsing of the sentence in L.<br>
<br>
</div>Sure.<br>
<br>
> ... A designer of a controlled version of a natural language is constrained by the grammar of the natural language; they are not free to introduce new grammatical constructs, etc.,<br>
<br>
This depends on the application you want to use the controlled language for. In one instance we considered extending ACE by URLs and name-spaces which people might disagree as belonging to the grammar of English.<br>
<div class="im"><br>
> should recognize/generate as natural a set of sentences as possible, but must avoid ambiguity.<br>
<br>
</div>Again, there are controlled languages that allow for ambiguity.<br>
<br>
> ... texts in ACE are understandable by speakers of English;<br>
<br>
Grammatically yes, semantically not necessarily as the above "red skirt" example shows.<br>
<div class="im"><br>
> however, these speakers need some training or guidance to produce correct ACE.<br>
<br>
</div>We replaced the grammatical training by guidance in the predictive ACE editor and in AceWiki, though some training of the semantics is still needed.<br>
<div class="HOEnZb"><div class="h5"><br>
Regards.<br>
<br>
--- nef<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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