AceWiki Grammar

qu: +

whin: –

whout: +

[ ? ]

General sentences are represented by 'sentence':

(5)

sentence

sentence_coord_1

(6)

sentence

[ for every ]

qu: –

subj: –

(7)

[ if ]

[ then ]

Sentences can be coordinated using "or" ('sentence_coord_1') and "and" ('sentence_coord_2'):

(8)

(9)

[ or ]

(10)

(11)

[ and ]

Uncoordinated sentences are represented in two levels by 'simple_sentence_1' and 'simple_sentence_2':

(12)

[ it is false that ]

qu: –

(13)

[ there is ]

case: nom

def: –

exist: +

pl: –

qu: –

subj: –

(14)

[ there is ]

case: nom

def: –

exist: +

pl: –

qu: –

subj: –

[ such that ]

(15)

[ there are ]

case: nom

def: –

exist: +

pl: +

qu: –

subj: –

(16)

qu: –

(17)

qu: 1

whin: 2

whout: 3

case: nom

id: 4

pl: 5

plquant: 6

qu: 1

subj: –

whin: 2

whout: 7

pl: 5

plquant: 6

qu: 1

subj: 4

whin: 7

whout: 3

Verb Phrases

Like sentences, verb phrases can be coordinated using "or" ('vp_coord_1') and "and" ('vp_coord_2'):

(18)

pl: 1

plquant: 2

qu: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

pl: 1

plquant: 2

qu: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

(19)

pl: 1

plquant: 2

qu: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

pl: 1

plquant: 2

qu: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 7

[ or ]

pl: 1

plquant: 2

qu: 3

subj: 4

whin: 7

whout: 6

(20)

pl: 1

plquant: 2

qu: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

pl: 1

plquant: 2

qu: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

(21)

pl: 1

plquant: 2

qu: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

pl: 1

plquant: 2

qu: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 7

[ and ]

pl: 1

plquant: 2

qu: 3

subj: 4

whin: 7

whout: 6

Uncoordinated verb phrases represented by 'vp' can use an auxiliary verb:

(22)

exist: 1

pl: 2

plquant: 3

qu: 4

rel: 5

subj: 6

whin: 7

whout: 8

be: 9

exist: 1

pl: 2

be: 9

exist: 1

pl: 2

plquant: 3

qu: 4

rel: 5

subj: 6

vform: inf

whin: 7

whout: 8

(23)

exist: +

pl: 1

qu: 2

rel: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

be: –

exist: +

pl: 1

qu: 2

rel: 3

subj: 4

vform: fin

whin: 5

whout: 6

The category 'v' represents the main verb or - if "be" is used as a copula verb - the complementing noun phrase or adjective complement:

(24)

be: –

copula: –

exist: 1

pl: 2

vform: 3

whin: 4

whout: 4

be: –

exist: 1

pl: 2

vcat: itr

vform: 3

(25)

be: –

copula: –

embv: 1

exist: 2

pl: 3

qu: 4

rel: 5

subj: 6

vform: 7

whin: 8

whout: 9

be: –

exist: 2

pl: 3

vcat: tr

vform: 7

case: acc

embv: 1

qu: 4

rel: 5

subj: 6

vcat: tr

whin: 8

whout: 9

(26)

be: +

copula: –

embv: 1

qu: 2

rel: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

be: +

vcat: tr

case: acc

copula: –

embv: 1

qu: 2

rel: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

(27)

be: +

copula: +

embv: 1

qu: 2

rel: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

case: acc

copula: +

embv: 1

of: +

pl: –

qu: 2

rel: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

(28)

be: +

copula: +

embv: 1

plquant: –

qu: 2

rel: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

case: acc

copula: +

embv: 1

of: –

pl: –

qu: 2

rel: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

(29)

be: +

copula: +

embv: 1

qu: 2

rel: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

tradj

case: acc

copula: –

embv: 1

qu: 2

rel: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

Noun Phrases

Noun phrases are represented by 'np' and can consist of proper names, variables, pronouns, and different noun constructs:

(30)

def: +

embv: 1

exist: +

id: 2

of: –

pl: –

qu: 3

rel: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

propername

gender: 7

human: 8

text: 2

gender: 7

hasvar: –

human: 8

id: 2

type: prop

embv: 1

human: 8

qu: 3

rel: 4

subj: 2

whin: 5

whout: 6

(31)

def: +

exist: +

id: 1

of: –

pl: –

whin: 2

whout: 2

newvar

var: 3

hasvar: +

id: 1

type: var

var: 3

(32)

def: +

exist: +

id: 1

of: –

pl: –

whin: 2

whout: 2

defnoun

noun: 3

reference

text: 4

gender: 5

hasvar: +

human: 6

id: 1

noun: 3

type: noun

var: 4

gender: 5

hasvar: –

human: 6

id: 1

type: ref

(33)

def: +

exist: +

id: 1

of: –

pl: –

whin: 2

whout: 2

defnoun

noun: 3

gender: 4

human: 5

id: 1

noun: 3

type: noun

gender: 4

hasvar: –

human: 5

id: 1

type: ref

(34)

def: +

exist: +

id: 1

of: –

pl: –

whin: 2

whout: 2

reference

text: 3

gender: 4

hasvar: +

human: 5

id: 1

var: 3

gender: 4

hasvar: –

human: 5

id: 1

type: ref

(35)

embv: 1

exist: 2

id: 3

of: 4

pl: –

qu: 5

rel: 6

subj: 7

whin: 8

whout: 9

exist: 2

qu: 5

embv: 1

id: 3

of: 4

qu: 5

rel: 6

subj: 7

whin: 8

whout: 9

(36)

embv: 1

exist: 2

id: 3

of: –

pl: –

qu: 4

rel: 5

whin: 6

whout: 7

exist: 2

human: 8

qu: 4

hasvar: 9

var: 10

hasvar: 9

human: 8

id: 3

type: ipron

var: 10

embv: 1

human: 8

qu: 4

rel: 5

subj: 3

whin: 6

whout: 7

(37)

copula: –

exist: +

id: 1

of: –

pl: +

plquant: +

whin: 2

whout: 2

number

nounpl

(38)

copula: –

exist: +

id: 1

of: –

pl: –

whin: 2

whout: 2

[ 1 ]

noun

gender: 3

human: 4

text: 5

gender: 3

hasvar: –

human: 4

id: 1

noun: 5

type: noun

(39)

exist: +

id: 1

of: –

pl: –

qu: +

whin: –

whout: +

[ what ]

hasvar: –

human: –

id: 1

type: wh

(40)

exist: +

id: 1

of: –

pl: –

qu: +

whin: –

whout: +

[ who ]

hasvar: –

human: +

id: 1

type: wh

(41)

embv: 1

exist: +

id: 2

of: 3

pl: –

qu: +

rel: 4

subj: 5

whin: –

whout: +

[ which ]

embv: 1

id: 2

of: 3

qu: +

rel: 4

subj: 5

whin: +

whout: +

(42)

exist: +

id: 1

of: –

pl: +

plquant: –

qu: +

whin: –

whout: +

[ which ]

nounpl

The category 'nc' represents nouns optionally followed by variables, relative clauses, and of-constructs:

(43)

embv: 1

id: 2

of: –

qu: 3

rel: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

gender: 7

human: 8

id: 2

text: 9

hasvar: 10

var: 11

gender: 7

hasvar: 10

human: 8

id: 2

noun: 9

type: noun

var: 11

embv: 1

human: 8

qu: 3

rel: 4

subj: 2

whin: 5

whout: 6

(44)

embv: 1

of: +

qu: 2

rel: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

nounof

case: acc

embv: 1

qu: 2

rel: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

The category 'n' stands for nouns:

(45)

gender: 1

human: 2

id: 3

text: 4

noun

gender: 1

human: 2

text: 4

New variables, optional and mandatory, are represented by 'opt_newvar' and 'newvar', respectively:

(46)

hasvar: –

(47)

hasvar: +

var: 1

newvar

var: 1

(48)

newvar

var: 1

variable

text: 1

hasvar: +

var: 1

Relative Clauses

Relative clauses are represented by 'relcl'. They start with a relative pronoun and are always optional:

(49)

whin: 1

whout: 1

(50)

embv: +

human: 1

qu: 2

rel: +

subj: 3

whin: 4

whout: 5

human: 1

relpron: 6

human: 1

qu: 2

relpron: 6

subj: 3

whin: 4

whout: 5

Like sentences and verb phrases, relative clauses can be coordinated by "or" ('relcl1') and "and" ('relcl2'):

(51)

human: 1

qu: 2

relpron: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

human: 1

qu: 2

rel: –

relpron: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 7

human: 1

relpron: 3

human: 1

qu: 2

relpron: 3

subj: 4

whin: 7

whout: 6

(52)

human: 1

qu: 2

relpron: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

human: 1

qu: 2

relpron: 3

subj: 4

whin: 5

whout: 6

(53)

human: 1

qu: 2

rel: 3

relpron: 4

subj: 5

whin: 6

whout: 7

pl: –

qu: 2

rel: –

subj: 5

whin: 6

whout: 8

human: 1

relpron: 4

human: 1

qu: 2

rel: 3

relpron: 4

subj: 5

whin: 8

whout: 7

(54)

qu: 1

rel: 2

subj: 3

whin: 4

whout: 5

pl: –

qu: 1

rel: 2

subj: 3

whin: 4

whout: 5

(55)

qu: 1

subj: 2

whin: 3

whout: 4

case: nom

copula: –

pl: 5

qu: 1

refl: –

rel: –

subj: 2

whin: 3

whout: 4

be: –

exist: 6

pl: 5

be: –

exist: 6

pl: 5

vcat: tr

vform: inf

(56)

qu: 1

subj: 2

whin: 3

whout: 4

case: nom

copula: –

pl: 5

qu: 1

refl: –

rel: –

subj: 2

whin: 3

whout: 4

be: –

exist: +

pl: 5

vcat: tr

vform: fin

Relative pronouns are represented by 'relpron' and can be either "that", "who" or "which":

(57)

relpron: that

[ that ]

(58)

human: +

relpron: who

[ who ]

(59)

human: –

relpron: which

[ which ]

The categories 'or_relpron' and 'and_relpron' define shortcuts - like "or that" as one token - for better usability inside of the predictive editor:

(60)

human: 1

relpron: 2

[ or ]

human: 1

relpron: 2

(61)

relpron: that

[ or that ]

(62)

human: +

relpron: who

[ or who ]

(63)

human: –

relpron: which

[ or which ]

(64)

human: 1

relpron: 2

[ and ]

human: 1

relpron: 2

(65)

relpron: that

[ and that ]

(66)

human: +

relpron: who

[ and who ]

(67)

human: –

relpron: which

[ and which ]

Verbs

The category 'verb' represents main verbs:

(68)

be: –

pl: –

vcat: tr

vform: fin

verbsg

(69)

be: –

pl: +

vcat: tr

vform: fin

verbinf

(70)

be: –

vcat: tr

vform: inf

verbinf

(71)

be: +

vcat: tr

pverb

Auxiliary verbs are represented by 'aux', which includes negation markers:

(72)

be: +

exist: +

pl: –

[ is ]

(73)

be: +

exist: –

pl: –

[ is not ]

(74)

be: +

exist: –

pl: –

[ is ]

[ not ]

(75)

be: +

exist: +

pl: +

[ are ]

(76)

be: +

exist: –

pl: +

[ are not ]

(77)

be: +

exist: –

pl: +

[ are ]

[ not ]

(78)

be: –

exist: –

pl: –

[ does not ]

(79)

be: –

exist: –

pl: +

[ do not ]

Quantifiers

Existential and universal quantifiers are represented by 'quant':

(80)

exist: +

[ a ]

(81)

exist: +

[ an ]

(82)

exist: –

qu: –

[ every ]

(83)

exist: –

[ no ]

The category 'num_quant' stands for numerical quantifiers:

(84)

[ at least ]

(85)

[ at most ]

(86)

[ less than ]

(87)

[ more than ]

(88)

[ exactly ]

Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns are represented by 'ipron':

(89)

exist: +

human: –

[ something ]

(90)

exist: +

human: +

[ somebody ]

(91)

exist: –

human: –

qu: –

[ everything ]

(92)

exist: –

human: +

qu: –

[ everybody ]

(93)

exist: –

human: –

[ nothing ]

(94)